Cell Organelles Quiz

Cell Organelles

• Nucleus: The cell's control center, housing DNA. It directs activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

• Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance filling the cell. It holds the organelles and facilitates chemical reactions.

• Cell Membrane: The cell's outer boundary. It regulates what enters and exits.

• Cell Wall (Plant cells only): A rigid outer layer made of cellulose. It provides support and protection to plant cells.

• Mitochondria: The "powerhouses" of the cell. They produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration, using glucose.

• Ribosomes: Protein factories. They build proteins crucial for cell function and growth. Found free in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Specialized Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

  • Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, it assists in protein production and transport.
  • Smooth ER: Lacking ribosomes, it creates lipids and detoxifies harmful chemicals.

• Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body): The cell's post office. It modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and other substances.

• Lysosomes (Mostly Animal cells): Cell recycling centers. They contain enzymes to break down waste, damaged cell parts, and invaders.

• Vacuoles: Storage sacs in the cell.

  • Plant cells: Large vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste.
  • Animal cells: Smaller vacuoles store materials temporarily.

• Chloroplasts (Plant cells only): The cell's solar panels. They utilize chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose.