Cell Biology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

The cell

Organismal activity is independent of individual and collective activity of cells.

False

What dictates the biochemical activities of cells?

Subcellular structure

Continuity of life does not have a cellular basis.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is responsible for producing most of a cell's ATP via aerobic cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

<p>Separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids and plays a dynamic role in cellular activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the fluid mosaic model?

<p>Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycolipids?

<p>Lipids with bound carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic bipoles.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction forms an impermeable barrier that encircles the cell?

<p>Tight junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is an anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells?

<p>Desmosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction allows chemical substances to pass between cells?

<p>Gap junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

<p>Material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cytoplasmic organelles?

<p>Metabolic machinery of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are inclusions?

<p>Chemical substances such as glycosomes, glycogen granules, and pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are membranous cytoplasmic organelles?

<p>Mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria have a double membrane structure with shelf-like cristae.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are granules containing protein and rRNA.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Free ribosomes synthesize integral membrane proteins.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear membrane.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two varieties of the endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Rough ER and Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

The external surface of the rough ER is studded with ribosomes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of integral membrane proteins.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Golgi apparatus is made of stacked and flattened membranous sacs.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transport vessels from the ER fuse with the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes are spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes are involved in the digestion of ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes are responsible for the synthesis of new organelles.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The endomembrane system is involved in producing, storing, and exporting biological molecules.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rough ER, smooth ER, lysosomes, vacuoles, and Golgi apparatus are all part of the endomembrane system.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peroxisomes contain oxidases and catalases.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peroxisomes are involved in the degradation of fatty acids and amino acids.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cytoskeleton is a dynamic, elaborate series of rods running through the cytosol.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?

<p>Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microtubules are dynamic, hollow tubes made of tubulin.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microfilaments are dynamic strands of the protein actin.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intermediate filaments are strong, insoluble, and flexible protein fibers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Centrioles are small barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Centrioles are involved in organizing the mitotic spindle during mitosis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cilia are whip-like, motile cellular extensions found on exposed surfaces of certain cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flagella are shorter and more numerous than cilia.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus is the gene-containing control center of the cell.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the smooth ER.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inner membrane of the nuclear envelope is lined with the nuclear lamina, which maintains the shape of the nucleus.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tissues are groups of cells similar in structure and function.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of tissues?

<p>Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial tissue is composed almost entirely of cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial tissue is highly vascularized.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial tissue is regenerative.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelium can be classified as simple or stratified.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelium can be classified by cell shape. What are the three classifications?

<p>Squamous, cuboidal, columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

<p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

<p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

<p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stratified squamous epithelium protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed primary tissue type.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classifications of connective tissue proper?

<p>Loose, dense regular, and dense irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of connective tissue?

<p>Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue is involved in binding and support.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue's only function is to provide protection.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most widely distributed connective tissue is loose connective tissue.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is involved in storing reserve food fuel and insulating against heat loss?

<p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reticular connective tissue forms a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dense regular connective tissue is primarily composed of irregularly arranged collagen fibers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the dermis of the skin.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyaline cartilage is the most resilient and firm type of cartilage.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyaline cartilage is found in the costal cartilages, the nose, the trachea, and the larynx.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elastic cartilage is similar to hyaline cartilage but contains more elastic fibers.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrocartilage provides tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone tissue is highly vascularized and provides levers for the muscles.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood tissue is only involved in transporting respiratory gases.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals within the body.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nervous tissue transmits electrical signals from

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal muscle is voluntary and responsible for locomotion and manipulation of the environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle is voluntary and is found in the walls of hollow organs.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle is involuntary and responsible for propelling blood into the circulation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment regardless of changes in the external environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The internal environment of the body is in a static state of equilibrium.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical, thermal, and neural factors interact to maintain homeostasis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three interdependent components of homeostatic control mechanisms?

<p>Receptor, control center, effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

The control center determines the set point at which the variable is maintained.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The effector provides the means to respond to stimuli.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In negative feedback systems, the output enhances the original stimulus.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive feedback systems amplify the original stimulus.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homeostatic imbalance is a disturbance of homeostasis or the body's normal equilibrium.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overwhelming the usual negative feedback mechanisms can lead to destructive positive feedback mechanisms taking over.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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