Cell Organelles Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Detoxify alcohol

Synthesize lipids

Digest food particles

Modify, fold, and sort proteins (correct)

How do mitochondria compare in active and inactive cells?

Inactive cells have more mitochondria than active cells

All cells have a uniform number of mitochondria

Active cells have more mitochondria than inactive cells (correct)

Active cells have less mitochondria than inactive cells

What is true about lysosomes?

They contain digestive enzymes for breaking down wastes (correct)

They are involved in detoxifying alcohol

They are responsible for synthesizing lipids

They capture free radicals

What distinguishes smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Smooth ER is involved in detoxifying, while rough ER is not Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle serves as the cell's distribution center for proteins?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What function do peroxisomes perform in the cell?

Detoxify alcohol and target free radicals Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do mitochondria possess that distinguishes them from other organelles?

They can replicate independently of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature is specific to the inner membrane of mitochondria?

It has numerous folds known as cristae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

Manufacture proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for converting energy from nutrients into ATP?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What role do vesicles play in cellular function?

Store and transport materials Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is primarily involved in transmitting and integrating information?

Nervous tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes within the cell?

Digest substances Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Presence of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modify and sort proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is specifically involved in breaking down harmful substances?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Organelles

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes within the cytoplasm.
- Rough ER is coated with ribosomes and is involved in protein modification, folding, and sorting.
- Smooth ER synthesizes lipids and breaks down nutrients and toxins.
Ribosomes are small bodies found in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.
- Composed of RNA and protein, they manufacture proteins.
The Golgi apparatus is a series of layered membranes that further modifies proteins.
- It sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell.
Mitochondria are large organelles with internal folded membranes.
- They convert energy from nutrients into ATP.
- Cells with high energy demands, like liver and kidney cells, have more mitochondria than cells with low energy demands, like bone and tendon cells.
- Mitochondria have their own DNA. Their structure resembles elongated bacteria.
- Composed of an outer smooth membrane and an inner membrane with folds called cristae.
- The fluid inside the inner membrane is called the matrix and contains ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes.
Lysosomes are small sacs of digestive enzymes that rid the body of worn-out parts.
Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes.
- They break down harmful substances like alcohol and other cellular toxins.
- They target free radicals.
Proteasomes are barrel-shaped structures composed of protein.
- They capture and degrade proteins that are no longer required by the cell.
Vesicles are small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm.
- They store materials and move materials into or out of the cell in bulk.
Centrioles are rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus.
- They help separate the chromosomes during cell division.

Tissues of the Body

There are four basic tissue types: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissue forms protective boundaries and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules.
Connective tissue underlies and supports other tissue types.
Muscle tissue contracts to initiate movement in the body.
Nervous tissue transmits and integrates information through the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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Description

Explore the key functions and structures of cell organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. This quiz will help you understand how these organelles contribute to the overall function of the cell and their importance in energy conversion and protein modification.