Cell Organelles PDF

Cell Organelles 1 – Endoplasmic reticulum is an interconnected network of membranes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Series of interconnected sacs coated with ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Not coated w...

Cell Organelles 1 – Endoplasmic reticulum is an interconnected network of membranes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Series of interconnected sacs coated with ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Not coated with ribisomes Synthesizes lipids Breaks down nutrients and toxins Cell Organelles 2 Golgi Apparatus Modifies Proteins and Packages them for Transport - Cell’s distribution center - Hollow and membranous Cell Organelles 3 Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, and Proteasomes Degrade Toxins and Wastes - Lysosomes are membrane-bound packets of digestive enzymes Rids the body or worn-out parts - Peorxisomes detoxify alcohol and other cellular toxins Target free fadicals Cell Organelles 4 Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, and Proteasomes Degrade Toxins and Wastes - Proteasomes are barrel-shaped structures composed of protein Capture and degrade proteins that are no longer required by the cell Cell Organelles 5 Mitochondria Produce Cell Energy - Active cells (liver and kidneys) have more mitochondria than inactive cells (bones and tendons) - Have their own DNA - Look like elongated bacteria - Composed of outer smooth membrane and inner membrane with many folds (cristae) - The fluid in the inner membrane is the matrix Contains ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes Organelles 6 Name Description Function Endoplasmic reticulum Network of membranes within the Rough ER modifies, folds, and sorts proteins; (ER) cytoplasm. Rough ER has ribosomes smooth ER participates in lipid synthesis attached to it; smooth ER does not Ribosomes Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or Manufacture proteins attached to the ER; composed of RNA and protein Golgi apparatus Layers of membranes Further modifies proteins; sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell Mitochondria Large organelles with internal folded Convert energy from nutrients into ATP membranes Lysosomes Small sacs of digestive enzymes Digest substances within the cell Peroxisomes Membrane-enclosed organelles containing Break down harmful substances enzymes Proteasomes Barrel-shaped organelles Destroy improperly synthesized proteins Vesicles Small membrane-bound sacs in the Store materials and move materials into or out of cytoplasm the cell in bulk Centrioles Rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the Help separate the chromosomes during cell division nucleus Tissues of the body 7 There are four basic tissue types defined by their morphology and function: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Four Types of Tissues 8 Epithelial tissue creates protective boundaries and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules. Connective tissue underlies and supports other tissue types. Muscle tissue contracts to initiate movement in the body. Nervous tissue transmits and integrates information through the central and peripheral nervous systems. 9