Questions and Answers
What is the function of a vacuole?
What does a lysosome do?
Digest foods, clean up and recycle, digest broken organelles
What are ribosomes known for?
Making proteins
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
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What does the cytoplasm do?
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What is the role of the nucleus?
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What does the nucleolus produce?
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What is the function of the nuclear membrane?
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What does the cell membrane do?
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What is the primary function of mitochondria?
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What does smooth ER do?
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What is the role of rough ER?
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What do centrioles do?
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What is the function of microtubules?
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Study Notes
Vacuole
- Serves as a membrane-bound sac for storage and transport of materials within the cell.
- Plays a significant role in maintaining cell turgor (pressure).
Lysosome
- Responsible for digesting food particles and breaking down waste materials.
- Recycles damaged organelles, ensuring cellular maintenance and efficiency.
Ribosomes
- Act as protein synthesis sites, translating mRNA into proteins.
- Exist as free ribosomes in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Golgi Apparatus
- Processes, sorts, and packages proteins produced by ribosomes.
- Distributes proteins in vesicles to various parts of the cell or outside of it.
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance that fills the interior of the cell, providing a medium for biochemical processes.
- Composed primarily of water, it supports and suspends organelles.
Nucleus
- Functions as the control center of the cell, regulating gene expression and cellular activities.
- Protects and houses the cell’s DNA, which carries genetic information.
Nucleolus
- Found within the nucleus, it is essential for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
- Plays a role in assembling ribosomes from rRNA and proteins.
Nuclear Membrane
- Double-layered membrane that encases the nucleus, providing protection and structural support.
- Contains nuclear pores that regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cell Membrane
- Composed of a lipid bilayer, acting as a barrier that separates the cell from its external environment.
- Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and is involved in signal recognition via proteins.
Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouse of the cell, they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
- Feature a double membrane, with inner folds called cristae that enhance energy production efficiency.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
- Involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
- Lacks ribosomes, giving it a smooth appearance.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
- Embedded with ribosomes, it is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or membrane incorporation.
Centrioles
- Structures that play a vital role in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle.
- Replicate to ensure equal distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division.
Microtubules
- Component of the cytoskeleton that provides structure and shape to the cell.
- Facilitate intracellular transport and are involved in cell division and motility.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functions of various cell organelles, including vacuoles, lysosomes, and ribosomes. Understand how these components contribute to cellular maintenance, protein synthesis, and overall function in a biological system.
