Cell Membrane Structure and Transport Quiz

True (A)

cytoplasmic

<p>Archaeal membranes have ether linkages in their phospholipids, while bacterial and eukaryotic membranes have ester linkages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion = Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without the help of membrane proteins. Facilitated diffusion = Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of membrane proteins. Osmosis = Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (O2) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>high, low (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple transport = Uses a transmembrane transport protein and the proton motive force ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) system = Relies on three components: a binding protein, a transmembrane transporter, and an ATP-hydrolyzing protein Group translocation = Involves a series of proteins and an energy-rich compound to transport the molecule across the membrane and modify its structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>proton motive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monotrichous = One flagellum at one end Amphritrichous = One flagellum at each end Lophotrichous = Tuft of flagella at one end Peritrichous = Flagella distributed over the entire surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different strains of bacteria with unique flagellar proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phototaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>energy, carbon, phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration and ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cristae = Folded inner membranes of mitochondria Stroma = Fluid-filled space within chloroplasts Thylakoids = Flattened membrane sacs within chloroplasts Matrix = Innermost area of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining cell shape and preventing bursting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outer membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Porins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lipopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan = Provides rigidity and structural support Teichoic acids = Gives a negative charge to Gram-positive bacteria Porins = Facilitate the passage of solutes across the outer membrane Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) = Forms the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

A model describing the plasma membrane as flexible and dynamic, with proteins floating in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.

A property of the cytoplasmic membrane that allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

Movement of substances across a membrane from high to low concentration without using energy.

The process where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until evenly distributed.

The process where integral membrane proteins help larger or charged molecules to cross the membrane down their concentration gradient.

Transport of substances from low to high concentration that requires energy input, often against the gradient.

Proteins that assist in moving molecules across the cell membrane, either passively or actively.

The net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low water concentration.

Solution where solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal; water is at equilibrium.

Solution where solute concentration is lower outside the cell; water moves into the cell.

Solution where solute concentration is higher outside the cell; water moves out of the cell.

Energy used in active transport derived from protons moving across a membrane.

Transport mechanism with binding protein, transmembrane transporter, and ATP-hydrolyzing protein.

Transport method where proteins modify solutes using energy-rich compounds during transport.

Transmembrane transport of substances using proton motive force.

Cell division resulting in two diploid daughter cells.

Nuclear division converting diploid cells into four haploid gametes.

Organelle for cellular respiration, produces ATP in eukaryotes.

Organelle for photosynthesis in phototrophic eukaryotes.

Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from engulfed prokaryotes.

Rigid structure surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, determining their shape and preventing cell lysis from osmotic pressure.

A unique compound found only in bacteria, composed of alternating subunits NAG and NAM, providing cell wall rigidity.

Thick layer of peptidoglycan, typically containing teichoic acids, that allows permeability to various substances.

Acidic molecules covalently linked to peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria, providing negative charge.

Contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan sandwiched between the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane.

Second lipid bilayer in Gram-negative bacteria, composed mainly of lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, serving as a barrier to many substances.

Transmembrane protein channels in Gram-negative bacteria that allow selective entrance and exit of solutes.

A part of LPS used to identify certain bacterial species or strains.

Penicillin weakens bacterial cell walls by interfering with the formation of peptide cross-bridges in PTG.

A serovar of Escherichia coli known for causing foodborne illness.

Short, hair-like structures used for attachment and conjugation in bacteria.

Characteristics of cells that lack a nucleus, typically bacteria and archaea.

Long, thin appendages that assist in motility in bacteria.

Flagella can rotate over 100,000 rpm, allowing for rapid movement.

Monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous describe how flagella are arranged on bacteria.

Directed movement of bacteria in response to chemical stimuli.

Measured using a capillary tube with attractant or repellent for bacteria movement.

Movement of organisms in response to light.

Inclusions store energy and nutrients such as carbon or phosphorus.