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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of channel proteins in a semi-permeable membrane?
Which of the following describes primary active transport?
How does secondary active transport operate?
What specific action does the sodium-potassium pump perform?
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What is an example of coupled transport?
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What type of transport occurs without any input of energy from the cell?
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In a hypotonic solution, what happens to a cell?
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What is the primary function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
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Which statement about osmosis is true?
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What defines an isotonic solution?
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What type of transport does not involve channel proteins?
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What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
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What is the process of separating substances in solution by selective diffusion through a semipermeable membrane called?
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane Transport
- The cell membrane is a barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
- Transport proteins embedded in the membrane facilitate this movement.
- These proteins act as channels or pumps to maintain a balance of salts, nutrients, and proteins inside the cell.
- There are two main types of transport: passive and active transport.
Passive Transport
- Occurs when substances move across the membrane without the cell expending energy.
- This includes simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
- Simple diffusion: Movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Osmosis: Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of substances across the membrane with the assistance of transport proteins.
Types of Osmosis Solutions
- Isotonic: Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
- Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside. This causes the cell to shrink.
- Hypotonic: Higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside. This causes the cell to swell and potentially burst.
Osmolarity
- Refers to the number of solute particles per liter of solution.
Dialysis
- Separation of substances in solution by selective diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.
- This is used to remove excess fluids, electrolytes, waste products, and toxins from the blood.
Facilitated Diffusion: Transport Proteins
- Channel Proteins form pores that allow water molecules and small ions to pass through the membrane.
- Carrier Proteins bind to specific ions or molecules and change shape to transport them across the membrane.
Active Transport
- Requires energy to move substances across the membrane.
- This includes pump transport and vesicle transport.
Active Transport: Pump Transport
- Primary Active Transport uses ATP to move ions across the membrane, creating a charge difference.
- Sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport, pumping potassium into the cell and sodium out.
- Secondary Active Transport uses the energy stored in concentration gradients (created by primary active transport) to move other substances.
- Sodium-glucose transporter is an example of secondary active transport, using the sodium concentration gradient to bring glucose into the cell.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell membrane transport mechanisms, including passive and active transport. Explore concepts such as simple diffusion, osmosis, and the roles of transport proteins in maintaining cellular balance. This quiz covers essential topics for a better understanding of cellular biology.
