Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Study Notes

Carbohydrate Chain

Composed of monosaccharides, attached to proteins or lipids on the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane.
Plays a crucial role in cell recognition, signaling, and adhesion.
Contributes to the formation of the glycocalyx, a protective and sticky outer layer around the cell.

Peripheral Protein

Loosely attached to the exterior or interior surfaces of the membrane, not embedded within the lipid bilayer.
Involved in various functions such as signaling, maintaining cell shape, and anchoring the cytoskeleton.
Can be enzymes, structural proteins, or involved in the transport of substances.

Phospholipid Bilayer

Fundamental structure of the plasma membrane, consisting of two layers of phospholipids.
Hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads face outward towards the aqueous environment, while hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails face inward, protecting the interior of the cell.
Provides a semi-permeable barrier allowing selective entry and exit of substances.

Cytoskeleton Filaments

Composed of protein filaments such as microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Supports cell shape, facilitates cell movement, and organizes the internal contents of the cell.
Plays a role in cell division and intracellular transport.

Glycoprotein

A protein that has carbohydrate molecules attached, found on the outer layer of the plasma membrane.
Functions in recognition and communication between cells and the immune system.
Helps in forming receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters.

Description

This quiz covers key components of the cell membrane, including carbohydrate chains, peripheral proteins, and the phospholipid bilayer. Explore their roles in cell recognition, signaling, and maintaining the integrity of the cell. Test your knowledge on how these elements contribute to the cell's protective and functional properties.