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Questions and Answers
Which of the following protein functions is NOT correctly associated with its correct integral protein?
Which of the following protein functions is NOT correctly associated with its correct integral protein?
- Enzymatic proteins - carry out metabolic reactions directly
- Receptor proteins - bind to signal molecules
- Cell recognition proteins - recognize pathogens
- Carrier proteins - passage of molecules through the membrane
- Channel proteins - block the activity of carrier proteins (correct)
The nucleus is NOT important as the site of?
The nucleus is NOT important as the site of?
- DNA synthesis
- Synthesis of ribosomal subunits
- RNA synthesis
- Protein synthesis (correct)
- All of these take place in the nucleus
Which is the BEST definition of active transport?
Which is the BEST definition of active transport?
- Movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
- Movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration
- Movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP (correct)
- Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
- Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Pinocytosis is an example of?
Pinocytosis is an example of?
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Blood type proteins are?
Blood type proteins are?
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Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?
Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?
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Which is NOT a reason for the small size of cells?
Which is NOT a reason for the small size of cells?
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Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon?
Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon?
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If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur?
If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur?
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The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include?
The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include?
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Study Notes
Protein Functions and Integral Proteins
- Carrier proteins facilitate the passage of molecules across the cell membrane.
- Enzymatic proteins are involved in metabolic reactions.
- Channel proteins create openings for molecule movement, rather than blocking carrier proteins.
- Cell recognition proteins identify pathogens, enhancing immune response.
- Receptor proteins bind to signaling molecules, triggering cellular responses.
Nucleus Functions
- The nucleus is crucial for DNA and RNA synthesis, and the formation of ribosomal subunits.
- Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes, not the nucleus.
Definition of Active Transport
- Active transport involves the movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to high concentration, using energy from ATP.
- It contrasts with passive transport, which moves substances along their concentration gradient.
Pinocytosis
- Pinocytosis is a specific type of endocytosis where cells ingest fluids and dissolved substances.
Blood Type Proteins
- Blood type antigens are found on the outer surface of red blood cell membranes, crucial for transfusion compatibility.
Animal Cell Characteristics
- Animal cells possess an extracellular matrix, gap junctions, adhesion junctions (desmosomes), and tight junctions.
- Plasmodesmata, which facilitate cell communication, are specific to plant cells and not found in animal cells.
Cell Size Limitations
- As cell size increases, volume rises faster than surface area, impacting nutrient and waste exchange.
- The nucleus controls a limited volume of cytoplasm, necessitating smaller cell sizes for efficiency.
- Eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells due to their compartmentalization, which allows for more organelles.
Plasma Membrane Permeability
- Molecule permeability across the plasma membrane is influenced by size, shape, chemical properties, and charge.
- All these factors collectively determine the ability of a molecule to cross the membrane.
Effects of Saltwater on Plant Cells
- Transitioning a freshwater plant to saltwater causes its cells to lose water due to osmosis, leading to cellular dehydration.
Major Functions of the Plasma Membrane
- The plasma membrane separates internal and external cellular environments, regulates molecule movement, allows cell recognition and communication, and maintains cell connectivity.
- It does not produce proteins; that role is fulfilled by ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
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