Cell Membrane Proteins Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which protein acts as an antigen for the MN blood group?

  • Ankyrin
  • Glycophorin (correct)
  • Band-3 protein
  • Spectrin

What is the primary function of Band-3 proteins in red blood cells?

  • Maintaining membrane integrity
  • Transporting bicarbonate ions (correct)
  • Acting as blood group antigens
  • Facilitating cell shape

Which protein is directly involved in connecting the cytoskeleton to integral proteins?

  • Glycophorin
  • Band-3 protein
  • Ankyrin (correct)
  • Spectrin

Which of the following statements about spectrin is false?

<p>It is a type of integral membrane protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can arise from defects in red blood cell membrane proteins?

<p>Hereditary spherocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>Exchanging materials between the cytoplasm and external environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane, which component constitutes the largest proportion by dry weight?

<p>Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a fundamental component of a cell?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the cell membrane allows it to maintain structural integrity while remaining flexible?

<p>Fluid form of membrane lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do integral proteins play in the fluid-mosaic model?

<p>Float in the fluid phospholipid bilayer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cell organelles?

<p>To perform specialized functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The composition of the cell membrane includes which percentage of carbohydrates?

<p>3% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the cell membrane facilitate interaction between cells?

<p>By anchoring cells to each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the cell membrane's lipid composition?

<p>A double layer of lipid molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the fluid-mosaic model allows for rapid redistribution of integral proteins?

<p>Fluid nature of the phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

<p>To form a bilayer structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity at increased temperatures?

<p>It reduces fluidity by pulling fatty acids together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do glycolipids play in the cell membrane?

<p>To facilitate communication between cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to membrane fluidity at lower temperatures when cholesterol is present?

<p>Maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing of fatty acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid increases membrane fluidity?

<p>Cis-unsaturated fatty acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in fatty acid chain length generally affect membrane fluidity?

<p>Decreases fluidity due to increased intermolecular interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of cholesterol contributes to its role in the membrane?

<p>It is bulky and embedded within the phospholipid bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to membrane fluidity?

<p>Cholesterol-phospholipid ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the hydrophilic heads in the phospholipid bilayer?

<p>Amphipathic and water-attracting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased unsaturation of fatty acids have on membrane fluidity?

<p>Increases fluidity by disrupting tight packing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the permeability of the cell membrane?

<p>Whether a substance is lipid-soluble or water-soluble (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein spans the entire membrane and is known as a transmembrane protein?

<p>Integral Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of channel proteins in the cell membrane?

<p>To allow water-soluble substances to diffuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism do ion pumps primarily utilize to move ions?

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do glycoproteins in the glycocalyx play?

<p>Recognize and bind to specific oligosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key functions of the cell membrane in maintaining cell volume?

<p>Transferring sodium ions actively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do receptor proteins contribute to cellular functions?

<p>They recognize and bind to specific molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of extrinsic proteins on the cell membrane?

<p>They can be easily removed without disrupting the membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is primarily involved in the function of the $Na^{+} - K^{+}$ ATPase pump?

<p>Sodium ($Na^{+}$) (C), Potassium ($K^{+}$) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the glycocalyx in the cell membrane?

<p>Acting as a protective coat and aiding in cell adhesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Glycophorins

Integral membrane proteins with a high carbohydrate content. Act as antigens for the MN blood group.

Band-3 proteins

Dimeric membrane transport proteins that exchange bicarbonate ions.

Spectrin

Fibrous protein, part of the red blood cell cytoskeleton, vital for shape and integrity.

Ankyrin

Cytoskeletal protein connecting spectrin and band-3 protein. Maintains membrane integrity.

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Hereditary spherocytosis/elliptocytosis

Diseases caused by defects in membrane proteins resulting in abnormal red blood cell shapes.

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Cell Membrane Structure

The cell membrane is a double layer of lipids with proteins embedded, creating a fluid mosaic structure.

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Cell Membrane Function

Controls what enters and exits the cell, facilitates cell interactions, and anchors cells.

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Fluid Mosaic Model

The widely accepted model of the cell membrane, describing lipids and proteins as fluid and dynamically interacting.

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Cell Organelles

Specialized structures in the cytoplasm with specific functions.

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Nucleus Function

Contains the cell's DNA and controls cell activities.

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Cytoskeletal Elements

Protein fibers that maintain cell shape and facilitate movement.

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Intercellular Junctions

Structures that connect cells together.

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Gap Junctions

Allow communication between cells by connecting their cytoplasm.

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Cell Adhesion Molecules

Proteins that allow cells to bind to each other or the extracellular matrix.

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Cell Function

The cell is the basic unit of structure, support, utilizing nutrients for energy, storing heredity code, and performing special functions.

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Integral Proteins

Proteins that span the entire cell membrane, often acting as channels, carriers, or pumps.

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Peripheral Proteins

Proteins loosely bound to the cell membrane's surface; some are internal or external.

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Channel Proteins

Proteins forming channels for water-soluble substances to pass through.

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Carrier Proteins

Proteins that bind to and transport specific molecules across the membrane.

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Ion Pumps

Proteins that use energy to move ions against their concentration gradient.

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Glycocalyx

The carbohydrate layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

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Cell Recognition

Glycoproteins identifying and binding to other cells.

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Lipid Solubility

Describes how easily a substance dissolves in lipids (fats).

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Cell Volume Regulation

The cell membrane's role in maintaining internal fluid balance.

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Phospholipid Bilayer

A structure formed by phospholipids in cell membranes, with hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous solutions and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

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Membrane Fluidity

The ability of molecules to move within the cell membrane.

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Cholesterol's Role in Membrane Fluidity

Cholesterol acts as a temperature-dependent buffer in the membrane. At high temperatures, it reduces fluidity by pulling phospholipids together; at low temperatures, it prevents them from packing too tightly, maintaining fluidity.

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Hydrophilic Head

The water-loving part of a phospholipid or similar molecule.

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Hydrophobic Tail

The water-fearing part of a phospholipid or similar molecule.

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Effect of Temp on membrane fluidity

Increased temperature increases fluidity, by increasing kinetic energy and disrupting organized structures of the hydrophobic tails.

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Lipid composition's impact on membrane fluidity

The type and proportion of lipids in the membrane influence its fluidity. Unsaturated fatty acids = increased fluidity; saturated fatty acids = decreased fluidity; increased chain length = decreased fluidity.

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Cis-unsaturated fatty acids

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds in the cis configuration. The bends introduced by cis bonds increase fluidity.

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Membrane Integrity

The state of being whole, unbroken, sound; membrane functions perfectly.

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Phospholipid

A major lipid component of cell membranes, comprised of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

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Study Notes

Integral Proteins

  • Integral proteins are found in red blood cells
  • They are glycoproteins containing 60% carbohydrate and 40% polypeptide
  • The carbohydrate component contains 131 oligosaccharide and polypeptide components
  • Glycophorins serve as antigens for MN blood groups
  • Band-3 protein is a dimeric protein with a molecular weight of 93,000
  • It traverses the membrane about 12 times, functioning as a pore or transport protein for bicarbonate ions in the capillaries of the lungs

Peripheral Proteins

  • The inner surface of red blood cell membranes contains two peripheral proteins, spectrin and ankyrin
  • Spectrin is a fibrous protein with a molecular weight of 220,000
  • It's part of the cytoskeleton maintaining the biconcave shape of the red blood cell
  • Ankyrin has a molecular weight of 200,000, attaching to spectrin and other cytoskeletal proteins to maintain cell shape
  • Ankyrin has two domains, one binding with spectrin and the other binding to the membrane protein band-3 extending into the cytoskeleton

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Description

Test your knowledge on integral and peripheral proteins in red blood cells. This quiz covers the functions, structures, and characteristics of glycoproteins and other essential membrane components. Perfect for students studying cell biology and biochemistry!

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