Cell Injury, Types, Mechanisms, and Adaptation Quiz
12 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the role of ATP depletion in triggering cell injury?

ATP depletion prevents cells from carrying out necessary functions.

How does membrane permeabilization contribute to cell injury?

Damage to the cell membrane allows uncontrolled movement of ions and molecules, affecting cell physiology.

Explain how disruptions in biochemical pathways can lead to cell injury.

Alterations in intracellular processes can disrupt normal cell functioning and survival.

What impact does DNA damage have on cells?

<p>DNA damage can lead to mutations, impaired gene expression, and potentially, cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of autophagy in cell adaptation to injury.

<p>Autophagy involves cells breaking down damaged organelles and recycling nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis as cell death pathways.

<p>Apoptosis is programmed cell death with characteristics like condensed chromatin, while necrosis is a passive form of cell death with swollen mitochondria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the exogenous causes of cell injury?

<p>Physical trauma, exposure to harmful chemicals, infectious agents, ionizing radiation, extreme temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of cell swelling (Edema) and its impact on the cell.

<p>Cell swelling occurs when water enters the cytoplasm, causing the cell to expand. This can disrupt cellular functions and lead to damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the type of cell injury known as 'shrinkage'?

<p>Shrinkage happens when water leaves the cell, causing it to decrease in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does altered cell structure contribute to cell injury?

<p>Changes in the shape or organization of cell components can impair its function, leading to cell injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cellular contents when there is leakage due to cell injury?

<p>Cells lose vital materials like proteins and lipids when their membranes are damaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of inflammation in the context of cell injury?

<p>An inflammatory response occurs when the immune system attempts to repair damaged tissue, which is a crucial aspect of the cell injury process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell injury occurs when the integrity and functions of cells are compromised. This can happen due to a variety of reasons, both from outside (exogenous) and inside (endogenous) the body. Here, we discuss the causes, types, mechanisms, and adaptation of cell injury, along with the cell death pathways.

Causes of Cell Injury

Cells can be damaged by numerous causes, which can broadly be classified into two categories:

  • Exogenous causes: These include physical trauma, exposure to harmful chemicals, infectious agents like viruses or bacteria, ionizing radiation, and extreme temperatures.
  • Endogenous causes: These include genetically inherited disorders, aging processes, and internal biochemical imbalances within the cells themselves.

Types of Cell Injury

There are several ways to classify the type of cell injury, depending on the severity and reversibility of the damage. Some common types of cell injury include:

  • Swelling (Edema): This occurs when water enters the cytoplasm, causing expansion of the cell.
  • Shrinkage: This happens when water leaves the cell, making it smaller.
  • Altered cell structure: Changes in the shape or organization of cell components can impair its function.
  • Leakage of cellular contents: Cells lose vital materials like proteins and lipids when their membranes are damaged.
  • Inflammation: An inflammatory response occurs when the immune system recognizes and attempts to repair the damaged tissue.

Mechanisms of Cell Injury

Several key mechanisms trigger cell injury, regardless of the specific cause. These include:

  • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Depletion: ATP is the energy currency of cells. When ATP levels drop, the cell can no longer carry out necessary functions.
  • Membrane Permeabilization: Damage to the cell membrane allows uncontrolled movement of ions and molecules in and out of the cell, affecting its physiology.
  • Disruption of Biochemical Pathways: Alterations in intracellular processes can disrupt normal cell functioning and survival.
  • DNA Damage: Direct or indirect harm to DNA can lead to mutations, impaired gene expression, and potentially, cell death.

Cell Adaptation to Injury

When cells experience injury, they employ various coping mechanisms to try and survive, including:

  • Autophagy: A process whereby cells break down their own damaged organelles and recycle the nutrients.
  • Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, triggered by signals indicating severe cell damage or abnormalities.
  • Necroptosis: Another form of regulated cell death initiated when apoptotic signaling fails or is overwhelmed.

Cell Death Pathways

If cells cannot repair the damage or adapt effectively, they may undergo programmed cell death. There are three main cell death pathways:

  • Apoptosis: Characterized by condensed chromatin, fragmentation of the nucleus, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, which are engulfed by nearby cells.
  • Necrosis: A passive form of cell death resulting from severe injury, characterized by swollen mitochondria, broken cell membranes, and release of cellular contents.
  • Autophagic cell death: A novel form of cell death involving extensive autophagy, which leads to cell demise without any apparent inflammation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on cell injury, including its causes, types, mechanisms, and adaptation processes. Explore the different cell death pathways and understand how cells respond to damage.

More Like This

Cell Injury and Death
8 questions

Cell Injury and Death

FoolproofLanthanum avatar
FoolproofLanthanum
Cell Injury and Death
200 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser