Cell Injury Types and Descriptions

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Questions and Answers

Match the following types of cell injury with their descriptions:

Hydropic degeneration = Cellular swelling due to water and sodium accumulation Fatty change = Abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within parenchymal cells Lipoid degeneration = Accumulation of cholesterol and cholesterol esters in histiocytes Myxoid degeneration = Accumulation of extracellular mucopolysaccharides or ground substance

Match the following components of the Ghon Complex with their descriptions:

Ghon focus = Subpleural focus with necrotizing granulomas Hilar lymph nodes = Enlarged lymph nodes with granulomatous inflammation Caseous necrosis = Cottage cheese appearance in lesions Granulomas = Localized inflammatory response involving macrophages

Match the following processes with their corresponding effects in tuberculosis infection:

Cell-mediated immunity = Delayed response due to previous exposure Macrophage activity = Engulfing organisms and forming granulomas IL1 + TNF release = Cytokines released from epithelioid macrophages Bronchopneumonia = Spread of granulomas through bronchus

Match the following clinical features of secondary tuberculosis with their characteristics:

Re-activation of TB = Organism reappears when immune system weakens Second infection = New infection distinct from initial exposure Immune recognition = Macrophages present organism once more O2 concentration = Higher in upper lobes of lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms of tuberculosis with their corresponding descriptions:

Small lesions = Located in upper portion of middle lobe Caseous granulomas = Hallmark of necrotizing tuberculosis Polymorphs = Inability to control the ongoing infection Acute inflammation = Initial response to lung infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definitions in the context of tuberculosis:

Th1 response = Cell-mediated immunity against TB Memory immunity = Immunity following recovery from primary infection Miliary spread = Dissemination of granulomas throughout body Upper lobes = Common site for secondary TB due to oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of gangrene with its description:

Primary gangrene = Caused by anaerobic bacteria and characterized by rapid spread Secondary gangrene = Resulting from ischaemia leading to coagulative necrosis Visceral gangrene = Caused by mechanical obstruction or vascular issues Pressure sore gangrene = Localized ischaemia in pressure points causing necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the cause of gangrene with its category:

Atherosclerosis = Vascular disease Ergot = Chemical cause leading to vasospasm Frostbite = Physical trauma leading to thrombosis Embolism = Vascular complication obstructing arteries Signup and view all the answers

Match these bacteria with their effects:

Clostridia = Produces exotoxins that invade and kill tissue Saprophytic bacteria = Digest dead tissue but do not invade live tissue Anaerobic bacteria = Thrives in dead tissue environments Lactic acid bacteria = Involved in fermentation processes in tissue Signup and view all the answers

Match the gangrene type with its associated factors:

Gas gangrene = Presence of Clostridia species in soil Ischaemic gangrene = Coagulative necrosis due to low blood supply Traumatic gangrene = Injury to vessels and bacteria invasion Diabetic gangrene = Atheroma formation affecting vascular health Signup and view all the answers

Match the necrosis type with its characteristics:

Coagulative necrosis = Commonly seen in the lower limbs due to ischaemia Liquefactive necrosis = Modified by bacteria and leukocytes Apoptosis = Programmed cell death involving DNA fragmentation Putrefaction = Decomposition of dead material in gangrenous tissues Signup and view all the answers

Match the physiological processes with their implications:

Embryogenesis = Role of apoptosis in development Thrombosis = Involves blockage of blood vessels leading to necrosis Vasospasm = Contributed by chemicals like Carbolic acid Intussusception = Mechanical obstruction in the intestine Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of gangrene with the specific conditions:

Gas gangrene = Often seen in war injuries and contaminated wounds Visceral gangrene = Occurs due to intestinal obstructions like volvulus Frostbite gangrene = Common in extreme cold and vascular spasm Pressure sore gangrene = Prevalent in bedridden patients and the elderly Signup and view all the answers

Match the cause of ischaemia with its effects:

Aneurysm = Leads to embolism affecting arterial blood supply Infarct = Results from heart valve infections and affects tissues Diabetes = Results in atheroma affecting blood vessel health Trauma = Causes injury that may lead to saprophytic infections Signup and view all the answers

Match the physiological roles with their descriptions:

Programmed cell death = Mechanism for removal of defective cells Endogenous endonucleases = Proteins facilitating DNA fragmentation Energy dependence = Requirement for apoptosis processes Cell deletion = Critical aspect of embryogenesis and tissue maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacterial conditions with their descriptions:

Endocarditis = Damaged heart valves Osteitis = Traumatized bone Septicaemia = Begins as a focus of infection somewhere in the body Pyaemia = Presence of infected particles (emboli) in blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding conditions:

Presence of non-multiplying bacteria = Endocarditis Presence and multiplication of bacteria = Septicaemia Local infection causing thrombosis = Pyaemia First exposure to TB antigen = Primary TB Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their respective conditions:

Infiltration by polymorphs = Pyaemia Abnormal tissue seeding = Endocarditis Multiple foci of infection = Septicaemia Back pain as a symptom = Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Emboli = Infected particles in blood Thrombus = Blood clot that has bacteria multiplying in it Abscess = Localized collection of pus Antigen = Substance that triggers an immune response Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their causes:

Endocarditis = Minor trauma leading to infection Osteitis = Infection resulting from trauma Septicaemia = Infection spreading from a primary site Pyaemia = Infected thrombus breaking off Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their related symptoms:

Pyaemia = Formation of new abscesses Septicaemia = Presence and multiplication in bloodstream Endocarditis = Damage to heart valves Tuberculosis = Chronic disease causing back pain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their key characteristics:

Endocarditis = Associated with heart valve damage Osteitis = Infection of bone Septicaemia = Begins at another infection site Pyaemia = Involves changes in endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their associated phenomena:

Pyaemic abscesses = Formation due to emboli Polymorph enzymes = Partial digestion of thrombus Presence of bacteria = Indicator of septicaemia Traumatized tissue = Possible site for endocarditis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their classification:

Septicaemia = Presence and multiplication in blood Pyaemia = Presence of infected particles in blood Endocarditis = Result of non-multiplying bacteria Osteitis = Related to trauma and infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of gangrene with their characteristics:

Primary gangrene = Damage occurs due to deep anaerobic infection Secondary gangrene = Tissues undergo ischaemic necrosis Gas gangrene = Production of H2S gas leading to crepitus Dry gangrene = Tissue turning black due to putrefaction Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment methods for gas gangrene with their descriptions:

Surgical excision = Full removal of necrotic tissue Antibiotics = Help penetrate necrotic tissue to prevent spread Anti-toxins = Neutralize toxins in local and systemic tissues Hyperbaric oxygen = Increases oxygen concentration in tissue Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of medication with its function:

Antibiotics = Combat bacterial infections Analgesics = Relieve pain Antipyretics = Reduce fever Anti-inflammatories = Decrease inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated complications:

Thromboembolism = Can lead to ischaemic necrosis Anaerobic conditions = Facilitate the growth of specific pathogens Infraction = Results in dead and necrotic tissue Toxic spread = Can be systemic and detrimental Signup and view all the answers

Match the surgical level of amputation with its indication:

Above the black tissue = To ensure all necrotic tissue is removed At the interface = Where living tissue meets dead tissue Below the necrotic zone = Not recommended due to risk of infection Only in viable tissues = To promote healing and recovery Signup and view all the answers

Match the elements involved in gas gangrene development to their effects:

Extracellular toxins = Diffuse into adjacent tissue Vascular damage = Leads to thrombosis and infarction H2S gas = Contributes to crepitus and swelling Anaerobic proliferation = Supports the growth of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their definitions relating to gangrene:

Ischaemic necrosis = Death of tissue due to blockage of blood supply Putrefaction = Decomposition of tissues post-mortem Crepitus = A crackling sound in tissues Amputation = Surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb Signup and view all the answers

Match each aspect of treatment for gas gangrene with its purpose:

Amputation = To remove infected necrotic tissue Antibiotic administration = To prevent further infection spread Local hyperbaric oxygen = To inhibit organism growth Systemic anti-toxins = To neutralize harmful toxins Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacteria-related issues with their consequences:

Zone of infarction = Represents a dead tissue area Proliferation in anaerobic conditions = Facilitates more infections Toxin diffusion = Causes damage to local and systemic tissues Formation of blood clots = Can lead to secondary gangrene complications Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reversible Injury

Cellular damage that can be reversed if the injurious agent is removed.

Hydropic/Vacuolar Degeneration

Cytoplasmic swelling due to failure of the Na-K pump and water accumulation.