Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match each phase of Meiosis I with its description:
Match each phase of Meiosis I with its description:
Prophase I = Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads; crossing over occurs. Metaphase I = Tetrads align at the metaphase plate. Anaphase I = Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles. Telophase I = Chromosomes arrive at the poles; each daughter cell has a haploid set.
Match each term related to chromosomes with its correct definition:
Match each term related to chromosomes with its correct definition:
Homologous Chromosomes = Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes, one from each parent. Autosomes = Non-sex chromosomes; humans have 22 pairs. Gonosomes = Also called Sex chromosomes (XX or XY), determine biological sex. Diploid (2n) = A cell containing two sets of chromosomes; somatic cells are diploid.
Match the stage of meiosis with the key events that occur during that stage:
Match the stage of meiosis with the key events that occur during that stage:
Meiosis I = Separation of homologous chromosomes. Meiosis II = Separation of sister chromatids. Interphase (pre-Meiosis) = DNA replication occurs, preparing the cell for division. Cytokinesis = Physical division of the cell into two daughter cells.
Match the ploidy with the type of cell:
Match the ploidy with the type of cell:
Relate the following terms to their correct association with genetic diversity in meiosis:
Relate the following terms to their correct association with genetic diversity in meiosis:
Match the description with the correct process/term:
Match the description with the correct process/term:
Match each term with the correct number present in human cells after fertilization:
Match each term with the correct number present in human cells after fertilization:
Match each characteristic with whether it describes Meiosis or Mitosis
Match each characteristic with whether it describes Meiosis or Mitosis
Match the term with its role in the cell cycle:
Match the term with its role in the cell cycle:
Flashcards
Meiosis
Meiosis
Type of nuclear division in haploid sec cells (n = 1 set of CH). Results in genetically different daughter cells.
Karyotype
Karyotype
An individual's complete set of chromosomes.
Diploid (2n)
Diploid (2n)
Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes - one from mother, one from father
Homologous Pairs
Homologous Pairs
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Autosomes
Autosomes
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Gonosomes
Gonosomes
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Prophase I
Prophase I
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Metaphase I
Metaphase I
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Crossing Over
Crossing Over
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Study Notes
- Meiosis is a second type of nuclear division
- Meiosis only occurs in haploid sex cells (n = 1 set of chromosomes)
- The number of chromosomes must be halved in meiosis, otherwise the number of chromosomes in a zygote after fertilization will double
- Meiosis results in genetically different daughter cells
- Meiosis has many similarities to mitosis, however meiosis has two divisions
Stages of Meiosis after Interphase
- Meiosis I
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
- Cytokinesis I
- Meiosis II
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
- Cytokinesis II
Ploidy and Human Karyotype
- Karyotype is an individual's complete set of chromosomes
- Somatic cells are diploid (2n), containing two sets of chromosomes, with one set from the mother and one from the father
- Chromosomes in a karyotype can be photographed and arranged in homologous pairs because they are the same size, contain the same genes, and one is inherited from each parent
- 22 pairs (44 chromosomes) are autosomes, carrying "body genes", like eye color, height, and intelligence
- 1 pair (2 chromosomes) are gonosomes, which are sex chromosomes that determine biological sex (XX or XY)
Meiosis I
- Interphase happened before Meiosis I
- Prophase I: Chromosomes are arranged in homologous pairs and are conjoined (like velcro), forming a structure called a tetrade or bivalent
- Metaphase: Bivalents line up along the equator of the spindle, with the spindle fibers attached to the centromeres
- The maternal and paternal chromosomes in each pair position themselves independently of the others, known as independent assortment and affects the proportion of paternal or maternal material
- Crossing over occurs when two non-sister chromatids (one from each homologous pair) exchange genetic material
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