Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Energy production

Cellular respiration

DNA replication only

Development, growth, and repair (correct)

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

G1 phase

M phase

S phase (correct)

Cytokinesis

What is the role of the centromere in cellular division?

It separates the daughter cells.

It attaches sister chromatids together. (correct)

It contains genetic material.

It initiates mitosis.

What proportion of a cell's life span does interphase typically occupy?

90% Signup and view all the answers

When are chromosomes visible within the cell?

During cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do chromatids split apart at the centromere?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurs during Telophase in the mitotic process?

Nuclear membranes reappear Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of mitosis are chromosomes aligned at the cell's equatorial plane?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the spindle apparatus at the end of Telophase?

It disappears Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell's ability to transport materials as its size increases?

Transport becomes much less efficient. Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes no longer visible?

During Interphase. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor limiting cell size?

The ratio of surface area to volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?

It creates offspring with identical genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell equator?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

During which specific phase does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?

Synthesis (S) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of cancer cells crowding normal cells?

Loss of tissue function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how cancer cells differ from normal cells in their life cycle?

Cancer cells have an unregulated growth rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of meiosis II in the process of sex chromosome inheritance?

Four haploid cells are produced. Signup and view all the answers

During fertilization, which specific combination of chromosomes leads to the development of female offspring?

An X chromosome from the sperm and an X chromosome from the egg. Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to the development of cancer aside from genetic factors?

Carcinogens Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the structure of mitosis?

Mitosis includes distinct phases that each serve specific functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical feature of the sex chromosome inheritance diagram?

It uses colored bars to visually represent the X and Y chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

In the initial stages of meiosis, how are the sex chromosomes represented?

The initial cell contains a pair of homologous chromosomes, including one X and one Y. Signup and view all the answers

What does the directional arrow in the diagram signify?

The flow of genetic information from parents to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells?

Plant cells create a cell plate, whereas animal cells do not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spindle fibers during cell division?

They help separate chromosomes by attaching to the centromeres. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is accurate?

It may result in genetic disorders like Trisomy. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of differentiation in cells?

It is the process where unspecialized cells develop specialized structures and functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the formation of tumors?

Proper functioning of the cell cycle control system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?

Four daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of meiosis is primarily responsible for ensuring genetic variation?

Prophase I during crossing over Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Mitosis produces uniform daughter cells while meiosis does not. Signup and view all the answers

What role does cytokinesis play in meiosis?

It divides the cell cytoplasm and organelles at the end of both meiotic divisions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division

Multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development, growth, and repair
Cell division is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells

M Phase

The M phase of the cell cycle is the Cellular Division phase; it has two parts: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

S Phase

S phase, also known as Synthesis phase is a part of interphase where DNA is replicated

Interphase

Interphase is the stage during which the cell grows, develops into a mature functional cell, and prepares for division
The cell is normally active during interphase and it makes up approximately 90% of the cell's life span
Chromosomes are not visible during interphase

Centromere

Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA, attached at the centromere

Sister Chromatids

Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA, attached at the centromere

Apoptosis

Not every cell is destined to survive, some cells go through apoptosis or programmed cell death
Lysosomes will open allowing the acid to escape and destroy the cell

Cell Size

Cells have a limit to how big they can get due to several factors
As the cell becomes larger, its volume increases faster than its surface area
The larger the cell, the more nutrients, energy, and materials it will need
The larger the cell, the more waste it will produce
Larger cells become less efficient in transporting into and out of the cell, due to the volume greatly exceeding surface area

Sexual Reproduction

Genetic information goes from mother and father to child in sexual reproduction

Chromosomes Visibility

Chromosomes are only visible during cell division

Cell Cycle

Gap 1 (G1): growing, carrying out normal cellular functions
Synthesis (S): copying DNA to prepare for division
Gap 2 (G2): preparing for the division of the nucleus
M phase: mitosis happens
Division phase

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Description

Explore the essential processes of cell division, including the M phase, S phase, and interphase. Understand the roles of sister chromatids and the significance of apoptosis in cellular life. Test your knowledge of these fundamental biological concepts.