Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

The process of how X and Y chromosomes are passed from parents to offspring during meiosis and fertilization.

The first division in meiosis, where a cell with homologous chromosome pairs creates two daughter cells with one set of chromosomes each.

The second division in meiosis, where the two daughter cells created in Meiosis I divide again, creating four haploid cells.

The process of the sperm combining with the egg to form a zygote, determining the offspring's genetic makeup, including sex.

Chromosomes (X and Y) that determine the sex of an organism.

Programmed cell death.

Cells have a maximum size due to the relationship between volume and surface area.

Combines genetic material from two parents, leading to greater genetic diversity.

Chromosomes are visible ONLY during cell division.

Interphase (G1, S, G2), then the M phase (mitosis).

The division of the nucleus in a cell to replicate genetic information (DNA).

Mitosis has four stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

The final stage of cell division, after mitosis, where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate daughter cells.

Uncontrolled cell growth and division in multicellular organisms.

Cancer cells lose control over their growth rate and stop responding to the normal cell cycle controls.

The first stage of mitosis, where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disappears.

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Chromatids (chromosome copies) separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis where the cell begins to divide into two cells.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase are the four main stages in the process of cell division.

The process where a cell splits into two daughter cells.

The phase of the cell cycle where cellular division happens (Mitosis and Cytokinesis).

DNA replication phase in interphase.

The cell's normal activity phase, making up most of its life, before division.

The region where sister chromatids attach.

The first stage of meiosis, involving homologous chromosome pairing, crossing over, and separation.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

The second stage of meiosis, resulting in four haploid daughter cells from two cells.

Daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell; a result of meiosis.

Meiosis creates variation through crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.

The process of cell division, where the cell membrane pinches inward, dividing the cytoplasm and forming two new daughter cells.

Spindle fibers are like ropes that connect to chromosomes and help separate them during cell division.

Plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis, instead of pinching in.

Cancer leads to excessive cell division that forms abnormal mass of cells called tumors.

The process where cells change and become specialized for a specific function.