Cell Division and Phases of the Cell Cycle

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Questions and Answers

What occurs during apoptosis?

Cells convert energy more efficiently.

Cells replicate their DNA.

Lysosomes release acid to destroy the cell. (correct)

Cells divide uncontrollably.

What happens to the surface area of a cell as it increases in size?

It increases at the same rate as the volume.

It decreases, becoming less efficient.

It increases slower than the volume. (correct)

It increases faster than the volume.

At what point in the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

During the S phase.

In the G₂ phase.

Only during mitosis. (correct)

Throughout the entire cell cycle.

What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

It involves genetic information from both parents. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle follows Gap 1 (G₁)?

Synthesis (S) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

It reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid cells. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sex chromosome inheritance, which scenario correctly describes the fertilization process leading to a female offspring?

An X chromosome carrying sperm fertilizes an X chromosome carrying egg. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of meiosis results in the first division of the homologous sex chromosomes?

Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

What visual aids are used in the diagram to represent the X and Y chromosomes?

Colored bars representing each type of chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to illustrate the steps of meiosis and fertilization in sex chromosome inheritance?

To succinctly show how sex chromosomes are transmitted to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary event that occurs during prophase?

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs during anaphase?

Chromatids pull apart at the centromere Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the spindle apparatus during telophase?

It disappears Signup and view all the answers

Which event does NOT occur during prophase?

Chromatids migrate to poles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of mitosis?

Division of the nucleus and replication of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the chromosomes lining up in the middle of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cancer is true?

Cancer results from the disruption of the cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cancer cells compared to normal cells?

They can form tumors and crowd out healthy cells Signup and view all the answers

How can external factors contribute to cancer development?

Through environmental influences and exposure to carcinogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?

For development, growth, and repair Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell cycle is referred to as M phase?

The phase involving mitosis and cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA is replicated Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates interphase from the M phase?

Interphase involves DNA duplication and growth Signup and view all the answers

What role does the centromere play in cell division?

It attaches sister chromatids together Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Constriction of the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?

They attach to centromeres to help separate chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of nondisjunction during cell division?

Extra chromosomes leading to disorders Signup and view all the answers

What defines the process of differentiation in cells?

The development of unspecialized cells into specialized cells Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells?

Plant cells form a cell plate while animal cells constrict Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

To generate genetic variation through sex cells Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

How many haploid daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Anaphase I from Anaphase II?

Homologous chromosomes separate in Anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Mitosis leads to the formation of haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division

Multicellular organisms rely on cell division for growth, development from a fertilized cell, and repair.
Cell division is the process where a cell divides into two daughter cells.

M Phase

The M phase of the cell cycle is the Cellular Division phase.
It has two parts: Mitosis and cytokinesis.

S Phase

The S phase also known as Synthesis is a phase of interphase
During S phase, DNA is replicated.

Interphase

Interphase is the stage where the cell grows, develops into a mature, functional cell, and duplicates its DNA in preparation for division.
The cell's normal, everyday activity occurs during interphase.
It accounts for approximately 90% of the cell's lifespan.
Chromosomes are not visible during interphase.

Centromere

Sister chromatids are attached at the centromere.

Sister Chromatids

Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA.
They are attached at the centromere.

Apoptosis

Not every cell is destined to survive, some go through programmed cell death (apoptosis).

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts of cell division, including the M phase, S phase, and interphase. Learn about key structures like centromeres and sister chromatids, as well as the role of apoptosis in cellular processes. Test your understanding of how multicellular organisms grow and develop through these stages.