Cell Division and Gametogenesis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main aim of spermatogenesis?

To increase the number of chromosomes

To form mature male gametes with half the chromosome number (correct)

To change the shape of female gametes

To facilitate cell division in somatic cells

Meiosis results in cells that contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent germ cell.

False

What process describes the formation of female gametes?

Oogenesis

The process of spermatogenesis occurs in the __________ of the male gonads.

seminiferous tubules Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of spermatogenesis does the primary spermatocyte divide?

Spermato-cytogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Each secondary spermatocyte divides to form four spermatids.

False Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do secondary spermatocytes contain?

23 Signup and view all the answers

The terminal piece of the sperm is part of the __________.

tail Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of spermatogenesis with their descriptions:

Spermatocytogenesis = Division of primary spermatocyte Spermiogenesis = Transformation of spermatid into sperm Equational division = Similar to mitosis Stage of growth = Spermatogonium enlarges to form primary spermatocyte Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division occurs during the proliferation stage of spermatocytogenesis?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes azospermia?

Absence of sperms in the semen Signup and view all the answers

Oligospermia refers to the presence of many sperms in the semen.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of production of a mature ovum called?

Oogenesis Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is the structure that surrounds each primary oocyte.

primordial follicle Signup and view all the answers

Match the sperm abnormalities with their descriptions:

Giants = Too big Dwarfs = Too small Bicephalic = With two heads Bicaudal = With two tails Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of fetal life in oogenesis?

The degeneration of the majority of oogonia Signup and view all the answers

Each primary oocyte undergoes two meiotic divisions during the maturation stage.

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do primary oocytes start to divide into during the prenatal development stage?

Oogonia Signup and view all the answers

Sperms that are dead are referred to as __________.

Necrospermia Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of oogenesis do the follicular cells begin to enlarge and become cubical?

Stage of growth Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division

Mitosis is the process by which a germ cell containing 46 chromosomes divides into two cells, each with 46 chromosomes (22 autosomes + 2 sex chromosomes).
Meiosis involves a germ cell containing 46 chromosomes dividing into two cells, each having 23 chromosomes (22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome).

Gametogenesis

Definition: The formation of mature male gametes (spermatogenesis) and mature female gametes (oogenesis) from immature germ cells within the gonads.
Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, reducing the chromosome count from 46 to 23 and altering the shape of the male germ cell for fertilization.
Oogenesis is the process of producing a mature ovum in the cortex of the ovary, beginning during fetal development and continuing after puberty during each ovarian cycle, as well as after fertilization.
Oogenesis reduces the chromosome count from 46 to 23 and increases the size of the ovum from 30 µ to 120 µ.

Spermatogenesis

Stages:
- Spermatocytogenesis:
  - Stage of proliferation: Spermatogonia undergo mitosis, creating two daughter spermatogonia, each with 46 chromosomes.
  - Stage of growth: Daughter spermatogonia enlarge into primary spermatocytes containing 46 chromosomes.
  - Stage of maturation:
    - Meiosis: Primary spermatocytes divide through meiosis, resulting in two secondary spermatocytes.
    - Equational division: Each secondary spermatocyte divides (similar to mitosis) into two spermatids, containing the same number of chromosomes as the secondary spermatocytes.
- Spermiogenesis: The spermatid undergoes transformation into a motile sperm.

Sperm Structure

Head: Contains the condensed nucleus covered by an acrosomal cap on the anterior 2/3.
Neck: A constriction behind the head, containing two centrioles.
Body (middle piece): Composed of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial sheath, and nine bundles of microfilaments.
Tail:
- Principle piece:
- Terminal piece:

Sperm Abnormalities

In Form:
- Giants (too large)
- Dwarfs (too small)
- Bicephalic (two heads)
- Bicaudal (two tails)
In Number:
- Azospermia: Absence of sperms in semen.
- Oligospermia: Presence of few sperms.
- Necrospermia: Presence of dead sperms.

Oogenesis

Prenatal Development:
- Stage of proliferation: The fetal ovary contains oogonia, which divide by mitosis to form two daughter oogonia, each with 46 chromosomes.
- Stage of growth: The majority of oogonia degenerate, while the surviving ones enlarge into primary oocytes (46 chromosomes). Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of flat epithelial cells called follicular cells, forming a primordial follicle.
Postnatal (After Puberty):
- Stage of maturation:
  - Meiosis: Each primary oocyte undergoes the first meiotic division, forming:
    - First polar body (22 + X): A small cell with minimal cytoplasm.
    - Secondary oocyte (22 + X): A large cell containing most of the cytoplasm.
  - Equational division: The secondary oocyte undergoes the second meiotic division, yielding:
    - Second polar body
    - Ovum

Growing follicles

Follicular cells around the oocyte enlarge and become cubical, then simple columnar, eventually dividing into multiple layers, forming a primary follicle.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell division processes like mitosis and meiosis, as well as the formation of male and female gametes through spermatogenesis and oogenesis. This quiz covers key concepts and terminology related to these fundamental biological processes.