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Questions and Answers

How many pairs of autosomes are present in a normal human somatic cell?

  • 23 pairs
  • 46 pairs
  • 24 pairs
  • 22 pairs (correct)

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

  • They are identical in structure but carry different genes.
  • They are identical in structure and genetic content. (correct)
  • They are different in both structure and genetic content.
  • They are different in structure but carry the same genes.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

  • M phase
  • S phase (correct)
  • G2 phase
  • G1 phase

What is the correct number of chromosomes in a human sperm cell?

<p>23 chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cell division?

<p>All of the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

<p>Meiotic phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure called where sister chromatids are attached?

<p>Centromere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the sex chromosomes in humans is correct?

<p>Males have one X and one Y chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the two types of cell division?

<p>Mitosis and meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before DNA replication, how many DNA molecules are present in an unreplicated chromosome?

<p>One (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

<p>To prepare the cell for division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the process of cytoplasmic division that occurs after mitosis?

<p>Cytokinesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

<p>Interkinesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the programmed cell death that regulates the number of eukaryotic cells?

<p>Apoptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In meiosis, what is the process called where genetic information is exchanged between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?

<p>Crossing over (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe genes that are located close together on a chromosome and tend to be inherited together?

<p>Linked genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the production of haploid gametes in sexually reproducing organisms?

<p>Meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of sperm production in males?

<p>Spermatogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the immature germ cells that undergo meiosis to produce spermatozoa in males?

<p>Spermatogonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which genetic diversity is introduced during meiosis?

<p>Both random assortment and crossing over (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which type of genes are more likely to undergo crossing over?

<p>Widely spaced linked genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of genetic diversity according to the passage?

<p>It allows for the evolution of populations and species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a genotype according to the passage?

<p>The genetic make-up of an individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype?

<p>Homozygous means the individual has the same allele for a trait, while heterozygous means the individual has different alleles for a trait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a phenotype according to the passage?

<p>The observable traits of an individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which type of genetic disorder is caused by a single gene defect?

<p>Mendelian inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an individual who has only one copy of a gene rather than the usual two copies?

<p>Hemizygous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is not one of the three types of genetic disorders mentioned?

<p>Polygenic traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Mendelian inheritance and multifactorial traits according to the passage?

<p>Mendelian inheritance involves a single gene, while multifactorial traits involve multiple genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic disorder is caused by an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes?

<p>Chromosomal abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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