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Questions and Answers

How many pairs of autosomes are present in a normal human somatic cell?

  • 23 pairs
  • 46 pairs
  • 24 pairs
  • 22 pairs (correct)
  • Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

  • They are identical in structure but carry different genes.
  • They are identical in structure and genetic content. (correct)
  • They are different in both structure and genetic content.
  • They are different in structure but carry the same genes.
  • During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

  • M phase
  • S phase (correct)
  • G2 phase
  • G1 phase
  • What is the correct number of chromosomes in a human sperm cell?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cell division?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

    <p>Meiotic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure called where sister chromatids are attached?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the sex chromosomes in humans is correct?

    <p>Males have one X and one Y chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the two types of cell division?

    <p>Mitosis and meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before DNA replication, how many DNA molecules are present in an unreplicated chromosome?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To prepare the cell for division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the process of cytoplasmic division that occurs after mitosis?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

    <p>Interkinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the programmed cell death that regulates the number of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In meiosis, what is the process called where genetic information is exchanged between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe genes that are located close together on a chromosome and tend to be inherited together?

    <p>Linked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the production of haploid gametes in sexually reproducing organisms?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of sperm production in males?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the immature germ cells that undergo meiosis to produce spermatozoa in males?

    <p>Spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which genetic diversity is introduced during meiosis?

    <p>Both random assortment and crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which type of genes are more likely to undergo crossing over?

    <p>Widely spaced linked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of genetic diversity according to the passage?

    <p>It allows for the evolution of populations and species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a genotype according to the passage?

    <p>The genetic make-up of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype?

    <p>Homozygous means the individual has the same allele for a trait, while heterozygous means the individual has different alleles for a trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a phenotype according to the passage?

    <p>The observable traits of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which type of genetic disorder is caused by a single gene defect?

    <p>Mendelian inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an individual who has only one copy of a gene rather than the usual two copies?

    <p>Hemizygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which of the following is not one of the three types of genetic disorders mentioned?

    <p>Polygenic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Mendelian inheritance and multifactorial traits according to the passage?

    <p>Mendelian inheritance involves a single gene, while multifactorial traits involve multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic disorder is caused by an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes?

    <p>Chromosomal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

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