30 Questions
How many pairs of autosomes are present in a normal human somatic cell?
22 pairs
Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?
They are identical in structure and genetic content.
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What is the correct number of chromosomes in a human sperm cell?
23 chromosomes
What is the primary function of cell division?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
Meiotic phase
What is the structure called where sister chromatids are attached?
Centromere
Which of the following statements about the sex chromosomes in humans is correct?
Males have one X and one Y chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes.
What is the term used to describe the two types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis
Before DNA replication, how many DNA molecules are present in an unreplicated chromosome?
One
What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
To prepare the cell for division
What is the name given to the process of cytoplasmic division that occurs after mitosis?
Cytokinesis
Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
Interkinesis
What is the term used to describe the programmed cell death that regulates the number of eukaryotic cells?
Apoptosis
In meiosis, what is the process called where genetic information is exchanged between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?
Crossing over
What is the term used to describe genes that are located close together on a chromosome and tend to be inherited together?
Linked genes
Which process is responsible for the production of haploid gametes in sexually reproducing organisms?
Meiosis
What is the term used to describe the process of sperm production in males?
Spermatogenesis
What is the term used to describe the immature germ cells that undergo meiosis to produce spermatozoa in males?
Spermatogonia
What is the term used to describe the process by which genetic diversity is introduced during meiosis?
Both random assortment and crossing over
According to the passage, which type of genes are more likely to undergo crossing over?
Widely spaced linked genes
What is the importance of genetic diversity according to the passage?
It allows for the evolution of populations and species
What is the definition of a genotype according to the passage?
The genetic make-up of an individual
What is the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype?
Homozygous means the individual has the same allele for a trait, while heterozygous means the individual has different alleles for a trait
What is the definition of a phenotype according to the passage?
The observable traits of an individual
According to the passage, which type of genetic disorder is caused by a single gene defect?
Mendelian inheritance
What is the term used to describe an individual who has only one copy of a gene rather than the usual two copies?
Hemizygous
According to the passage, which of the following is not one of the three types of genetic disorders mentioned?
Polygenic traits
What is the main difference between Mendelian inheritance and multifactorial traits according to the passage?
Mendelian inheritance involves a single gene, while multifactorial traits involve multiple genes
Which type of genetic disorder is caused by an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes?
Chromosomal abnormalities
Test your knowledge on cell division and chromosomes. Learn about the structure of chromosomes, the difference between somatic cells and gametes, and the process of DNA replication before cell division.
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