5-L1

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Why is crossing over more likely to occur between widely spaced linked genes A and B, or between A and C, than between closely spaced linked genes B and C?

There is more room for an exchange to occur. (correct)
Gene B and C are unrelated.
Closely spaced genes have fewer chromosomes.
Gene A has stronger genetic material.

Which term describes a person who has only one copy of a gene instead of the usual two copies?

Hemizygous (correct)
Homozygous
Diploid
Heterozygous

What does 'genotype' refer to?

The observable traits of an individual
The Mendelian inheritance pattern
The variation between siblings
The genetic make-up of an individual (correct)

Why is genetic diversity important for the evolution of populations and species?

It allows for adaptation to changing environments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of trait is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors?

Polygenic traits (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'phenotype' refer to?

Observable traits of an individual (B) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of genetic disorders, what describes defects caused by a single gene?

'Single gene defect' (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why might crossing over between closely spaced linked genes B and C be less likely to occur?

There is less physical space for an exchange to happen. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the phases in the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2, M (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the M phase in the cell cycle?

To equally divide the duplicated chromosomes between two daughter cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of apoptosis?

To regulate the number of eukaryotic cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

To produce gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of crossing over during meiosis?

To produce new combinations of parental genes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of spermatogenesis?

To produce haploid sperm cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of oogenesis?

To produce haploid egg cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of random assortment during meiosis?

To produce new combinations of parental genes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of linked genes during meiosis?

To prevent the exchange of genetic information between chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of cytokinesis during cell division?

To divide the cell's cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of human gametes in terms of chromosome number?

Haploid, with 23 chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of an unreplicated chromosome before DNA replication?

A single DNA molecule (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does chromosome duplication occur?

S phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed after chromosome duplication?

Two identical sister chromatids attached at the centromere (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do homologous chromosomes appear in a diploid cell?

They look the same (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the sex chromosomes in males and females?

Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y chromosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of cell division?

Reproduction, growth and development, and tissue renewal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of cell division?

Meiosis and mitosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotes?

Interphase, M-phase, and cytokinesis (B) Signup and view all the answers