28 Questions
Why is crossing over more likely to occur between widely spaced linked genes A and B, or between A and C, than between closely spaced linked genes B and C?
There is more room for an exchange to occur.
Which term describes a person who has only one copy of a gene instead of the usual two copies?
Hemizygous
What does 'genotype' refer to?
The genetic make-up of an individual
Why is genetic diversity important for the evolution of populations and species?
It allows for adaptation to changing environments.
Which type of trait is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors?
Polygenic traits
What does 'phenotype' refer to?
Observable traits of an individual
In terms of genetic disorders, what describes defects caused by a single gene?
'Single gene defect'
Why might crossing over between closely spaced linked genes B and C be less likely to occur?
There is less physical space for an exchange to happen.
What is the order of the phases in the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
What is the purpose of the M phase in the cell cycle?
To equally divide the duplicated chromosomes between two daughter cells
What is the purpose of the process of apoptosis?
To regulate the number of eukaryotic cells
What is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?
To produce gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes
What is the purpose of the process of crossing over during meiosis?
To produce new combinations of parental genes
What is the purpose of the process of spermatogenesis?
To produce haploid sperm cells
What is the purpose of the process of oogenesis?
To produce haploid egg cells
What is the purpose of the process of random assortment during meiosis?
To produce new combinations of parental genes
What is the purpose of the process of linked genes during meiosis?
To prevent the exchange of genetic information between chromosomes
What is the purpose of the process of cytokinesis during cell division?
To divide the cell's cytoplasm
How many pairs of chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?
22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
What is the state of human gametes in terms of chromosome number?
Haploid, with 23 chromosomes
What is the structure of an unreplicated chromosome before DNA replication?
A single DNA molecule
During which phase of the cell cycle does chromosome duplication occur?
S phase
What is the structure formed after chromosome duplication?
Two identical sister chromatids attached at the centromere
How do homologous chromosomes appear in a diploid cell?
They look the same
What is the difference between the sex chromosomes in males and females?
Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y chromosome
What are the benefits of cell division?
Reproduction, growth and development, and tissue renewal
What are the two main types of cell division?
Meiosis and mitosis
What are the three main phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotes?
Interphase, M-phase, and cytokinesis
Explore the basics of cell division and chromosomes. Learn about the structure and function of chromosomes, the difference between human somatic cells and gametes, and the process of DNA replication before cell division.
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