Cell Biology Quiz: Diffusion and Apoptosis

False (B)

Carcinogen

<p>G0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion = Movement of molecules from high to low concentration Mutation = A permanent change in a cell's DNA Contact inhibition = Normal cells stop dividing when crowded Apoptosis = Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>contact inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell size, nutrient levels, molecular signals, and DNA integrity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>contact inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery = Physical removal of cancerous tissue Chemotherapy = Drugs that slow or stop cell division and spread Radiation therapy = Damages the DNA of the cancer cells Immunotherapies = Stimulates immune system to attack cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact inhibition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make energy for the cell through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>semi permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus = Controls cell activities, holds DNA Ribosomes = Create proteins Lysosome = Breaks down waste and bacteria Golgi Apparatus = Processes and packages proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Store DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a sufficient surface area to volume ratio for efficient transport of nutrients and waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prophase = Chromatin condenses into chromosomes; nuclear membrane breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles Telophase = Two new nuclei form and chromatids decondense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease the S:V ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cleavage furrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if the cell should divide or not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. This can occur through a semipermeable membrane but is not always required.

The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. This movement always occurs through a semipermeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

Programmed cell death where a cell self-destructs during the G2 checkpoint of cell division. This occurs when DNA damage is irreparable.

A resting state entered by a cell when it doesn't pass the G1 checkpoint of cell division. The cell waits for conditions to become favorable for replication.

A permanent change in the cell's DNA sequence. This can alter cell division signals and may lead to cancer.

Any substance, organism, or agent that can cause cancer. Examples include UV light, radiation, and certain chemicals.

A non-cancerous tumor that is contained and does not spread. Cell division is controlled and occurs at a moderate pace.

A dangerous tumor that is cancerous. Cell division is uncontrolled and occurs rapidly. Cancer cells spread and damage surrounding tissues.

The ability of an organism to move, bend, sway, or relocate.

The process by which organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

The ability of an organism to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

The ability of an organism to increase in size.

The ability of an organism to produce offspring.

The ability of an organism to remove cellular waste products.

The ability of an organism to take in nutrients and use them for energy, growth, and development.

All organisms have a limited lifespan.

The basic unit of life. Made up of organelles.

Tiny organelles within a cell that perform specific functions.

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. They are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotes are organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. They can be single-celled or multicellular and are more complex than prokaryotes.

The cell cycle is the process by which cells grow and divide. It consists of two main phases: interphase and mitosis.

Interphase is the stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. It is divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2.

Mitosis is the process of cell division where the nucleus divides into two identical nuclei. It is subdivided into four main phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

The G1 checkpoint is a critical point in the cell cycle where the cell decides whether to divide or not. If the cell is healthy and has enough resources, it progresses to the S phase.

Prophase is the first stage of mitosis where the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and centrioles move to opposite poles.

Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.

Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis where the sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart to opposite poles.

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes arrive at the poles, the nuclear membrane reforms, and two identical daughter nuclei are formed.

A checkpoint that occurs during mitosis, specifically during metaphase. It ensures that all sister chromatids are correctly attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles of the cell, ensuring proper chromosome separation during anaphase. This step is crucial to avoid errors in cell division.

A characteristic of cancer cells where they ignore the signals from neighboring cells that normally limit their growth and proliferation. They continue to divide uncontrollably even when they bump into other cells.

The ability of cancer cells to break away from the original tumor mass and travel to other parts of the body, where they can establish new tumors. This is a defining characteristic of aggressive cancers.

Cancer cells undergo a decrease in specialization; they lose their normal functions and don't contribute to the body's tissues or systems. They become selfish, focusing solely on their own survival and growth.

A characteristic of cancer cells showing an abnormal structure with several changes: a small cytoplasm, large nuclei, coarse chromatin (condensed chromosomes), and a reduced number of cells in interphase.

The use of drugs that inhibit or slow down the growth and spread of cancer cells by interfering with cell division. It can also affect normal, healthy cells, causing side effects.

A cancer treatment that uses high-energy waves or radioactive sources to damage cancer cells' DNA, inhibiting their further replication. It targets specific areas to minimize harm to healthy tissues.