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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the chloroplast in a cell?
What is the primary function of the chloroplast in a cell?
- Produces energy through photosynthesis (correct)
- Manufactures proteins and lipids
- Regulates cell division
- Breaks down waste within the cell
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate?
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate?
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Metaphase (correct)
- Prophase
What distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?
What distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?
- Mitosis results in four daughter cells
- Mitosis produces genetically different cells while meiosis produces identical cells
- Meiosis occurs only in somatic cells
- Meiosis has two stages while mitosis has one (correct)
What is the function of the nucleolus within the cell?
What is the function of the nucleolus within the cell?
Which event occurs during telophase?
Which event occurs during telophase?
Flashcards
What happens during metaphase?
What happens during metaphase?
The stage of the cell cycle where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is mitosis?
What is mitosis?
The process by which cells divide and make copies of themselves.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
What is the function of the chloroplast?
The organelle responsible for producing energy through photosynthesis and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
What happens during anaphase?
What happens during anaphase?
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What is cytokinesis?
What is cytokinesis?
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Study Notes
Protein Functions
- Maintain cell shape and internal structure
- Produce molecules and eliminate waste
- Conduct routine repairs and maintenance
Metaphase
- Chromosomes align at the cell's center (metaphase plate)
- Spindle fibers connect to chromosomes and centrioles
Chloroplast Function
- Facilitates photosynthesis, producing energy and oxygen
Vacuole Function
- Degrades and removes cellular waste
Mitosis vs. Meiosis (Differences)
- Mitosis: one stage, produces two identical daughter cells (diploid)
- Meiosis: two stages, produces four genetically diverse daughter cells (haploid)
Nucleolus Function
- Synthesizes and assembles the cell's ribosomes
Interphase Stages
- G1: Cell growth and enzyme production
- S: DNA replication
- G2: DNA error checking and organelle creation
Golgi Apparatus Function
- Packages proteins and lipids
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate at the centromere
- Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite poles
- Each daughter cell receives an identical chromosome set
Telophase
- Nuclear envelopes form around each chromosome set
- Spindle fibers break down
- Chromosomes unwind
Interphase Events
- Nucleus prepares for division
- Double-stranded DNA packages into chromosomes
- DNA replicates into two identical copies
Prophase
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- DNA condenses forming chromosomes
- Mitotic spindle develops
Cytokinesis
- Cell membrane pinches, creating two daughter cells
- Cytoplasm and organelles split between the two cells
Plasma Membrane Function
- Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
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