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Questions and Answers
Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins and can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins and can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- Lysosomes
- Ribosomes (correct)
- Golgi Apparatus
- Mitochondria
What process in eukaryotic cells produces two identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair?
What process in eukaryotic cells produces two identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair?
- Budding
- Meiosis
- Mitosis (correct)
- Binary Fission
In a plant cell, which organelle is responsible for performing photosynthesis?
In a plant cell, which organelle is responsible for performing photosynthesis?
- Golgi Apparatus
- Nucleus
- Chloroplasts (correct)
- Mitochondria
Which type of reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic material to the parent?
Which type of reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic material to the parent?
What term refers to properties of matter that are observed without altering the composition or identity of the substance?
What term refers to properties of matter that are observed without altering the composition or identity of the substance?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?
Which process involves the combination of gametes from two parents to produce genetically diverse offspring?
Which process involves the combination of gametes from two parents to produce genetically diverse offspring?
If a cell were unable to digest waste, which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?
If a cell were unable to digest waste, which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell?
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell?
Which process is responsible for creating gametes that contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, therefore increasing genetic variation?
Which process is responsible for creating gametes that contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, therefore increasing genetic variation?
In a eukaryotic cell, where is the primary genetic material (DNA) housed?
In a eukaryotic cell, where is the primary genetic material (DNA) housed?
Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
What structural characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What structural characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
What is the immediate first aid step for a chemical exposure to the eye?
What is the immediate first aid step for a chemical exposure to the eye?
Flashcards
Mitosis
Mitosis
The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It's essential for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.
Meiosis
Meiosis
The process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells), which have half the number of chromosomes as a normal cell. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction.
Binary Fission
Binary Fission
The process by which prokaryotic cells reproduce. A single cell divides into two identical cells.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Physical Change
Physical Change
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Study Notes
Cell Organelles and Functions
- Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, which houses DNA.
- Lysosomes digest waste and food particles.
- Mitochondria produce energy (ATP).
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins; found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids; rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins.
- Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins.
- Cytoplasm is the jelly-like material holding the organelles.
- Cell walls protect and support plant cells.
- Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll.
- Cilia and flagella aid in cell movement.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; their DNA resides in the nucleoid region.
Reproduction and Genetics
- Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells for growth and repair. Specific stages include Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
- Meiosis creates haploid gametes, increasing genetic variation through crossing over.
- Sexual reproduction combines gametes from two parents to create genetic diversity.
- DNA has a double helix structure, with A pairing with T and G with C.
- RNA is single-stranded and carries genetic information out of the nucleus.
Cell Reproduction and Asexual Processes
- Binary fission is a prokaryotic reproduction method, producing two identical offspring cells.
- Budding results in offspring with the same DNA but differing sizes.
- In humans, regeneration is limited but occurs in certain tissues.
Plant Reproduction
- Plants reproduce sexually (using seeds and pollination) and asexually (vegetative propagation).
- Pollination can be facilitated by wind, water, or animals.
Chemistry Fundamentals
- Matter has mass and occupies space, existing in solid, liquid, and gaseous states.
- Physical properties are observed without changing the composition of the matter (e.g., boiling point, density).
- Chemical properties describe the reactivity of matter (e.g., rusting, flammability).
- Physical changes alter the form of matter without changing its identity (e.g., melting, dissolving).
- Chemical changes form new substances (e.g., rusting iron).
- Qualitative properties are descriptive (e.g., color, odor).
- Quantitative properties are measurable (e.g., density, mass).
Lab Safety and Practices
- In case of chemical exposure, immediately flush your eyes and seek assistance.
- Know the location of fire extinguishers and first-aid kits.
Key Examples
- Asexual reproduction is fast and efficient but has limited genetic diversity.
- Rusting iron is an example of a chemical change.
- Melting ice is an example of a physical change.
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