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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
- To synthesize proteins
- To store genetic material
- To define the periphery of the cell and separate contents from surroundings (correct)
- To produce energy for the cell
What can cause electrolyte imbalance in the body?
What can cause electrolyte imbalance in the body?
- Toxin-induced cellular repair mechanisms
- Genetic mutations in the DNA
- Increased cell membrane permeability
- Defective nutrient ingestion or absorption (correct)
Which component of the cell contains genetic material?
Which component of the cell contains genetic material?
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus (eukaryotes) or nucleoid (bacteria) (correct)
What is the function of membrane proteins within the cell membrane?
What is the function of membrane proteins within the cell membrane?
Which of the following fields is NOT directly related to cell biology?
Which of the following fields is NOT directly related to cell biology?
What characteristic of the cell membrane allows it to be selectively permeable to polar substances?
What characteristic of the cell membrane allows it to be selectively permeable to polar substances?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of hormonal imbalances in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of hormonal imbalances in the body?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following fields would most likely study the effects of toxic chemicals on cellular processes?
Which of the following fields would most likely study the effects of toxic chemicals on cellular processes?
What component of a cell serves to separate its internal environment from the external surroundings?
What component of a cell serves to separate its internal environment from the external surroundings?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- The cell membrane is a tough, flexible lipid bilayer that defines the cell's periphery and separates its contents from the surroundings.
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable to polar substances.
- The cell membrane includes membrane proteins that function in transport, signal reception, and as enzymes.
- The cytoplasm is the aqueous cell contents and suspended particles and organelles.
- The nucleus (eukaryotes) or nucleoid (bacteria) contains the genetic material - DNA and associated proteins.
- The nucleus is membrane-bounded.
Cell Biology Topics
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
- Nutrition
- Pathology
- Pharmacology
Possible Causes of Disease
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Defective nutrient ingestion or absorption
- Hormonal imbalances
- Toxic chemicals or biologic agents
- DNA-based genetic disorders
Cells and Their Components
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- They are surrounded by a cell membrane (plasma membrane) that separates the cell's interior from the surroundings.
- The cell membrane is composed of a tough, flexible lipid bilayer.
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable to polar substances.
- The membrane also contains proteins, which are essential for transport, signal reception, and enzymatic activity.
- The cell's contents, including suspended particles and organelles, are located in the cytoplasm.
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, which contains the cell's genetic material (DNA and associated proteins), and is membrane-bound.
- The genetic material in bacterial cells is located in a nucleoid, which is not membrane-bound.
Basic Building Blocks of Life
- Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA are the basic building blocks of life.
Human Physiology Disorders
- Human physiology disorders can result from a variety of factors, including:
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Defective nutrient ingestion or absorption
- Hormonal imbalances
- Toxic chemicals or biologic agents
- DNA-based genetic disorders
Fields of Study Related to Human Physiology
- Numerous fields of study are relevant to human physiology, including:
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
- Cell biology
- Immunology
- Nutrition
- Pathology
- Pharmacology
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