Cellular Processes and Membrane Transport Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true regarding mitochondrial DNA?

  • It does not get compacted at metaphase. (correct)
  • It is approximately the same size as the nuclear genome.
  • It sits inside the nucleus.
  • It does not code for genes.

    • Why doesn’t C base pair with a C on the opposite DNA strand?

  • Because C nucleotides on the opposite strand are in the same direction.
  • Because C nucleotides cannot undergo hydrogen bonding, regardless of opposite nucleotide.
  • Because the chemical structure of the C nucleotide does not allow base pairing with itself. (correct)
  • Because C nucleotides are only found on one DNA strand.

    • How is the q arm defined on a chromosome?

  • The shorter arm.
  • The longer arm. (correct)
  • The arm with less G banding.
  • The arm with more genes.

    • Following transcription and splicing, the mature mRNA undergoes polyadenylation of its 3’ tail. What does this do?

    <p>Stabilizes the mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between autocrine and paracrine signalling?

    <p>Autocrine signalling involves signalling molecules acting on the same cell, while paracrine signalling affects neighbouring cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do secondary messengers contribute to cell signalling?

    <p>By transmitting cell signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle releases calcium ions crucial for various signalling pathways?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct about the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>It is involved in secretion to the cell exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct about mitochondria?

    <p>Mitochondria have one lipid bilayer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein folding in the rough endoplasmic reticulum is assisted by

    <p>The formation of disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is incorrect about lysosomes?

    <p>The pH of lysosomes is essential for efficient protein degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of using Nomarski (DIC) optics in microscopy?

    <p>It provides better contrast and a more 3D image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes because they

    <p>Contain no membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature found in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>A rigid cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about untranslated regions (UTRs) is CORRECT?

    <p>Genes have both 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components are necessary for efficient translation to occur?

    <p>tRNA, ribosomes, amino acids, mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following shows the correct order of an mRNA structure?

    <p>3’Cap – 5’UTR – 3’UTR – PolyA – 5’Cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA base pairing is CORRECT?

    <p>DNA can base pair with both DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function performed by the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Regulating gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>To give the cell its shape and mechanical resistance to deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about microfilaments?

    <p>Microfilaments are composed of linear polymers of G-actin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of microfilaments?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intermediate filaments?

    <p>Maintenance of cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules composed of?

    <p>Alpha and beta tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Neurofilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

    <p>To inhibit the interaction between actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurodegenerative disorders is NOT associated with cytoskeleton defects?

    <p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed role of microtubule vibrations in neurons according to Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose?

    <p>To contribute to the origin of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about intermediate filaments?

    <p>They organize the internal tridimensional structure of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microfilaments?

    <p>Cell movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules composed of?

    <p>Hollow cylinders of alpha and beta tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function performed by the cytoskeleton?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of microfilaments?

    <p>G-actin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of microfilaments?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurodegenerative disorders is NOT associated with cytoskeleton defects?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed role of microtubule vibrations in neurons according to Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose?

    <p>Origin of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules composed of?

    <p>Tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>To give the cell its shape and mechanical resistance to deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about microfilaments?

    <p>They are capable of rapid growth or disassembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

    <p>To regulate the interaction between actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed role of microtubule vibrations in neurons according to Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose?

    <p>To contribute to consciousness and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Neurofilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of microfilaments?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules composed of?

    <p>Tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

    <p>Inhibit the interaction between actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed role of microtubule vibrations in neurons according to Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose?

    <p>To contribute to the origin of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about intermediate filaments?

    <p>They organize the internal tridimensional structure of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of microfilaments?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of intermediate filaments in epithelial cells?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of neurofilaments in neural cells?

    <p>Vimentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of intermediate filaments that give structural support to the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Lamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function performed by the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Promoting muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Giving the cell its shape and mechanical resistance to deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cytoskeleton in cell migration?

    <p>It contracts, deforming the cell and allowing migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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