Cell Biology Flashcards

Plasma Membrane Structures

• Plasma membrane consists of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Key components include phospholipids forming a bilayer, integral proteins, and glycoproteins.
• Glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich area on the outer surface involved in cell recognition.

Membranous Organelles

• Organelles enclosed by membranes include the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• Ribosomes and centrosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles crucial for protein synthesis and cell division, respectively.

Cytoskeleton

• Composed of three main structural components: intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules.
• Provides shape, support, and movement to the cell.

Cell Cycle Stages

• I. Growth involves G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 phase (preparation for mitosis).
• II. Mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, leading to chromosomal segregation.
• III. Cytokinesis is the final step resulting in the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Types of Lipids in Plasma Membrane

• Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer, featuring hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
• Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and stability.

Membrane Proteins Functions

• Integral membrane proteins span the membrane and are involved in transport and signaling.
• Glycoproteins function in immune responses and cell recognition.
• Peripheral membrane proteins are associated with the membrane's inner or outer surface, playing roles in signaling and structural support.

Electron Micrographs

• Cilium structure includes axoneme and dynein arms important for motility.
• Microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
• Mitochondria function as energy producers via cellular respiration.
• The nucleus houses nucleolus, chromatin, and cellular DNA, crucial for genetic information.

Cell Locations

• Cell surface structures encompass cilia, microvilli, and the plasma membrane.
• Cytoplasmic contents include the cytoskeleton and organelles like mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
• Nuclear contents consist of nucleolus, DNA, and chromosomes responsible for genetic control.

Functions of Membrane Components

• Glycocalyx involved in transplantation compatibility and immune functions.
• Membrane proteins facilitate enzymatic activity and act as receptors for signaling molecules.