Cell Biology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the structures of the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton?

Plasma membrane: Glycocalyx, outer leaflet, inner leaflet, lipid bilayer; Cytoskeleton: Intermediate filament, microfilament, microtubule.

What are the membranous organelles?

Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, lysosome, peroxisome, rough endoplasmic reticulum.

What are the nuclear structures and ribosomes?

Nuclear structures include nucleolus, cellular DNA, and chromosome; ribosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles.

What are the types of plasma membrane lipids?

Phospholipids and cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are types of plasma membrane proteins? (Select all that apply)

Integral membrane protein Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the plasma membrane?

Glycocalyx, outer leaflet, inner leaflet, lipid bilayer. Signup and view all the answers

What are the highlighted structures in a transmission electron micrograph of the cilium?

Cilium, microvillus, dynein arm, axoneme. Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified in a transmission electron micrograph of the cell?

Organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and other structural components. Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified in a transmission electron micrograph of the mitochondrion?

Cristae and matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified in a transmission electron micrograph of the nucleus?

Nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cytoplasmic structures with their categories:

Ribosome = Non-membrane-bound organelle Centrosome = Non-membrane-bound organelle Golgi apparatus = Membrane-bound organelle Mitochondrion = Membrane-bound organelle Lysosome = Membrane-bound organelle Peroxisome = Membrane-bound organelle Rough endoplasmic reticulum = Membrane-bound organelle Intermediate filament = Cytoskeleton Microfilament = Cytoskeleton Microtubule = Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

Place the following structures based on their location in a cell:

Cilium = Cell Surface Microvillus = Cell Surface Plasma membrane = Cell Surface Cytoskeleton = Cytoplasm Mitochondrion = Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus = Cytoplasm Nucleolus = Nucleus Cellular DNA = Nucleus Chromosome = Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps of the cell cycle?

I. Growth: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase; II. Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase; III. Cytokinesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of membrane carbohydrates?

They include glycocalyx and function in transplant compatibility and immunity to infection. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of membrane lipids?

They compose most of the plasma membrane and have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of membrane proteins?

Functions in enzymatic activity and receptors for specific molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plasma Membrane Structures

Plasma membrane consists of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Key components include phospholipids forming a bilayer, integral proteins, and glycoproteins.
Glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich area on the outer surface involved in cell recognition.

Membranous Organelles

Organelles enclosed by membranes include the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes and centrosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles crucial for protein synthesis and cell division, respectively.

Cytoskeleton

Composed of three main structural components: intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules.
Provides shape, support, and movement to the cell.

Cell Cycle Stages

I. Growth involves G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 phase (preparation for mitosis).
II. Mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, leading to chromosomal segregation.
III. Cytokinesis is the final step resulting in the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Types of Lipids in Plasma Membrane

Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer, featuring hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and stability.

Membrane Proteins Functions

Integral membrane proteins span the membrane and are involved in transport and signaling.
Glycoproteins function in immune responses and cell recognition.
Peripheral membrane proteins are associated with the membrane's inner or outer surface, playing roles in signaling and structural support.

Electron Micrographs

Cilium structure includes axoneme and dynein arms important for motility.
Microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
Mitochondria function as energy producers via cellular respiration.
The nucleus houses nucleolus, chromatin, and cellular DNA, crucial for genetic information.

Cell Locations

Cell surface structures encompass cilia, microvilli, and the plasma membrane.
Cytoplasmic contents include the cytoskeleton and organelles like mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
Nuclear contents consist of nucleolus, DNA, and chromosomes responsible for genetic control.

Functions of Membrane Components

Glycocalyx involved in transplantation compatibility and immune functions.
Membrane proteins facilitate enzymatic activity and act as receptors for signaling molecules.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structures of the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, organelles, and ribosomes with these flashcards. Each card focuses on labeling different components, helping you to understand the functional aspects of cell biology. Perfect for biology students wanting to reinforce their learning.