Cell Biology Concepts and Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is Cell Fractionation used for?

  • To examine the external shape and size of cells
  • To help bacteria stick to surfaces
  • To separate major organelles to determine their specific functions (correct)
  • To produce chemical energy

    • What is Scanning Electron Microscopy used for?

  • To examine the external shape, size, and 3-D characteristics of cells (correct)
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To store cellular compounds
  • To examine the internal structures of cells

    • What are Pili?

    Surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

    What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained in the Nucleoid Region of bacterial cells?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Ribosomes in a bacterium?

    <p>Area in bacterium where proteins are synthesized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Cell Wall do?

    <p>Surrounds and supports the bacterial cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Plasma Membrane act as?

    <p>A selective barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Prokaryotic Cell has a partitioning by internal membranes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Central Vacuole?

    <p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ECM Proteins made in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Nucleus?

    <p>Housing DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mitosis?

    <p>Process by which new cells are produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

    <p>To take in and release materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Microtubules important for?

    <p>Transport within a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Embryonic Development?

    <p>Cells take on their unique characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nuclear Envelope is separate from the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are present in a prokaryotic cell except: DNA, Ribosomes, ________, Plasma Membrane, Cell Wall.

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Lysosome?

    <p>Plays a role in intracellular digestion, contains hydrolytic enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Vacuole?

    <p>Organelle that takes up much of the volume of a plant cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endomembrane system's lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, and poison detoxification are functions in _______.

    <p>Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endomembrane system's protein synthesis is a function in _______.

    <p>Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endomembrane system's protein modification and cisternal maturation are functions in ________.

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endomembrane system's macromolecule digestion and autophagy are functions in ________.

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin, lysosomal enzyme, and ER protein are synthesized by _______.

    <p>Bound Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Pulse Phase?

    <p>The phase in which cells are exposed to a high concentration of radioactively labeled amino acids for a short period to tag proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Chase Phase?

    <p>The phase in which any unincorporated radioactively labeled amino acids are washed away and large amounts of unlabeled amino acids are added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Mitochondria?

    <p>Contained by all eukaryotic cells, including both plant and animal cells, they contain their own DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own _____.

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells?

    <p>Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Centrosomes?

    <p>Region in animal cells where cells' microtubules are initiated, absent in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can DNA be found in plant cells?

    <p>Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Plastids?

    <p>Organelle found in plant cells but not animal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Microtubules make up?

    <p>Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Cytoskeletal Structures interact with?

    <p>Motor proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flagella and Motile Cilia contain the 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to Plant Cells?

    <p>Chloroplast, cellulose cell walls, and central vacuoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Centrioles are found only in animal cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

    <p>Modifies and packages proteins in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Mitochondrion?

    <p>Produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Chloroplast?

    <p>Makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Central Vacuole regulate?

    <p>Cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Chloroplasts contain?

    <p>Membranous sacs called thylakoids surrounded by a fluid called stroma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nucleoid is found only in prokaryotic cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic Cells contain mitochondria, nucleolus, and lysosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Microfilaments do?

    <p>Responsible for cell locomotion and the cell's structural characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Microtubules serve as?

    <p>Intracellular highways for transporting vesicles and organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Intermediate Filaments specialized for?

    <p>Bearing tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Biology Concepts

    • Cell Fractionation: Technique used to separate organelles for functional studies.
    • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Enables observation of cell shape, size, and 3-D structure.

    Bacterial Structures

    • Pili: Appendages that help bacteria adhere to surfaces.
    • Capsule: Protective layer of bacteria that serves to safeguard against environmental threats.
    • Nucleoid Region: Area within bacterial cells containing DNA.
    • Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis in bacteria.
    • Cell Wall: Rigid outer layer supporting bacterial cells, composed of cellulose fibrils.
    • Plasma Membrane: Selective barrier regulating nutrient intake and waste removal in bacterial cells.

    Cellular Organelles and Functions

    • Prokaryotic Cell: Characterized by the absence of internal membrane-bound organelles.
    • Central Vacuole: Large organelle in plant cells primarily for storage.
    • Nucleus: Organelle that houses the cell's DNA.
    • Lysosome: Contains hydrolytic enzymes important for intracellular digestion.
    • Vacuole: Occupies significant volume in plant cells for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.

    Endomembrane System

    • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER): Involved in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification.
    • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER): Responsible for protein synthesis due to ribosome presence.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.
    • Lysosomes: Digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components through autophagy.

    Protein Synthesis and Transport

    • Bound Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins like insulin, lysosomal enzymes, and ER proteins.
    • Pulse Phase: High concentration exposure of radioactive amino acids to tag newly synthesized proteins.
    • Chase Phase: Removal of radioactive amino acids and addition of unlabeled counterparts to track protein development.

    Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles

    • Mitochondria: Energy-producing organelles within all eukaryotic cells containing their own DNA.
    • Chloroplast: Unique to plant cells, converts light energy to chemical energy (sugar) through photosynthesis.
    • Plastids: Organelles found in plant cells, not present in animal cells.

    Cytoskeletal Structures

    • Microtubules: Major components of cilia and flagella; function in intracellular transport and cellular movement.
    • Intermediate Filaments: Provide structural support and anchor organelles, bearing tension.
    • Microfilaments: Key player in cell movement and maintaining cell shape.

    Centrioles and Centrosomes

    • Centrosomes: Microtubule organizing centers found in animal cells but absent in plant cells.
    • Centrioles: Structures only present in animal cells involved in cell division.

    Unique Cellular Features

    • Plant Cells: Contain chloroplasts, cellulose cell walls, and large central vacuoles, distinguishing them from animal cells.
    • Eukaryotic Cells: Feature mitochondria, nucleolus, and lysosomes, important for cellular functions.
    • Prokaryotic Cells: House DNA in a nucleoid region; lack membrane-bound organelles.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in cell biology, including cell fractionation and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, it delves into bacterial structures and cellular organelles, highlighting their functions and significance. Test your knowledge on the fundamental aspects of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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