Cell Biology Chapter: Tumors and Cell Proliferation

<p>Abnormal regulation of cell division and growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An uncontrolled and excessive increase in the rate of cell division, leading to tumor growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metastasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a swelling or lesion caused by an abnormal growth of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, while hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tumor is a localized growth, while metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to other areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size, aggression, and growth rate of the primary tumor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change of one cell type to another cell type. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high rate of mitosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate apoptosis by activating a caspase cascade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of appetite. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to ionizing radiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiogenesis provides a pathway for tumor cells to spread to distant sites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunoglobulin superfamily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis is associated with inflammation, while apoptosis is not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthy angiogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates both cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the division of cells with damaged DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By eliminating excess or damaged cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis is a crucial checkpoint in the cell cycle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the possibility of treatment even for seemingly aggressive tumors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of developing secondary cancers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable early cancer detection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the creation of new blood vessels to improve blood flow to ischemic areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be produced by both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of blood vessels in inappropriate locations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offer a greater level of specificity and sensitivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immunoassay may produce an artificially low result. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor the clinical course of patients with breast cancer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diluting the sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CA 15-3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor the clinical course of patients with liver cancer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a glycoprotein with multiple epitopes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring tumor marker levels can be useful in assessing the effectiveness of treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of increasing in number by cell division.

A type of tumor that is non-cancerous and generally does not spread.

A cancerous tumor that can invade nearby tissues and spread.

The overall process by which cells increase in size and number.

Substances that can be found in the blood, urine, or tissue to help identify tumor presence.

A disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells that can be life-threatening.

Decrease in size of fully matured cells, often due to insufficient oxygen or disuse.

Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which is controlled and useful.

Increase in size of cells that do not divide, like muscle cells.

Change of one cell type to another in response to stimuli.

When cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other body parts.

An abnormal mass of tissue formed by uncontrolled cell growth that does not serve a purpose.

The process of cells adjusting to changes to maintain homeostasis, such as atrophy or hyperplasia.

The process of inducing blood vessel formation to aid in healing ischemic tissues.

Abnormal growth and branching of blood vessels, often linked to diseases like cancer.

Biological indicators used to detect the presence of cancer early.

Transmembrane glycoproteins that help cells stick and interact during migration.

A class of adhesion molecules involved in white blood cells and platelet interactions.

Adhesion molecules that facilitate cell interaction with extracellular matrix components.

Identifying cancer at an initial stage for better treatment outcomes.

The reaction of tumor cells to adhesion molecules, affecting their behavior and metastasis.

Programmed cell death, a natural self-destruct system in all cells.

The transmission of growth-regulatory messages to control cell replication and apoptosis.

The series of phases a cell goes through to replicate, including G1, S, G2, and M phases.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell is resting and performing functions, not part of mitosis.

The first phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

A protein that prevents cells with damaged DNA from dividing or promotes apoptosis when damage is too severe.

A family of proteins that regulate apoptosis by promoting or inhibiting the process.

Indicators like p53 and Bcl-2 that regulate the apoptosis process in cells.

A key step in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, leading to cell death.

A receptor-ligand system that activates apoptosis via caspase cascade.

Large proteins (like IgD, IgM) involved in immune recognition and adhesion.

Indicators like changes in habits, wounds that won't heal, or unusual bleeds.

Cell death linked to inflammation, often seen in tissue damage.

The process of forming new blood vessels, essential for tumor growth.

Factors like age, diet, and family history that increase cancer risk.

Antibodies produced by identical immune cells that are clones of a unique parent cell, often used in immunoassays.

A laboratory method used to detect and quantify proteins or hormones using the immune response.

A phenomenon in immunoassays where very high concentrations of a substance lead to falsely low results.

A method to counteract the hook effect by lowering the concentration of the sample.

A tumor marker associated with breast cancer, represented by specific epitopes on mucin glycoprotein.

A major fetal serum protein that typically decreases to adult levels by 7-10 months of age.

A technique used to separate and analyze compounds in a sample, often used for catecholamines.

A method combining immunology and histology to identify proteins in tissue sections.

A test to measure the activity of enzymes, used in diagnosing various diseases.

The process of tracking the clinical status of patients using sensitive tumor markers like CA 15-3 and AFP.