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Cell Biology: Telomeres and Tumor Cells

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Questions and Answers

What happens to telomeres in normal cells during cell division?

They lengthen with each division.

They shorten with each division. (correct)

They eventually cause the cell to become cancerous.

They remain unchanged throughout cell divisions.

What is the result of disabled checkpoints in a cell with shortened telomeres?

The cell undergoes apoptosis.

The cell enters a state of senescence.

The cell continues to divide normally without any consequences.

The cell can activate DNA repair pathways inappropriately. (correct)

How do tumor cells achieve limitless replicative potential?

By entering a permanent state of senescence.

By lengthening the lifespan of their telomeres through telomerase reactivation. (correct)

By undergoing mitotic catastrophe repeatedly.

By disabling their DNA repair pathways.

What leads to mitotic crisis in a cell?

<p>Inability to properly divide due to shortened telomeres and disabled checkpoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for normal cells?

<p>They express telomerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Replication and Telomeres

Normal cells lack telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomere length.
Telomeres, protective caps on chromosomes, shorten with each cell division.
Shortened telomeres trigger cell cycle checkpoints, leading to cellular senescence (cells stop dividing).
This limits the number of cell divisions for a normal cell.

Cell Division and Checkpoints

Cells with disabled checkpoints can have shortened telomeres inappropriately activate DNA repair pathways.
This results in massive chromosomal instability, entering a state called mitotic crisis, where proper cell division cannot occur.

Tumor Cell Characteristics

Tumor cells reactivate telomerase to lengthen telomeres.
Reactivating telomerase helps tumor cells avoid mitotic catastrophe (cell death from faulty cell division).
This allows tumor cells to divide indefinitely, gaining "immortality."

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Description

This quiz explores the mechanisms of cell replication, the role of telomeres, and the characteristics of tumor cells. Learn how telomerase affects cellular senescence and its implications for cancer biology. Test your understanding of cell division checkpoints and chromosomal stability.