Cell Biology Chapter on Nucleus and Membrane

<p>A-type lamins interact with nucleoplasm, while B-type lamins bind to integral proteins inside the nuclear membrane which may affect the organization of the nucleus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables cells to selectively express genes required for their specific functions, leading to diverse cell types. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The selective permeability of the membrane, affecting the transport of specific ions and molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruption of the cell's ability to regulate the passage of specific molecules across its membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased susceptibility to pathogens and diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased glucose uptake by the cell, potentially leading to lower blood sugar levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased storage of amino acids within the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fluidity and increased permeability to small, nonpolar molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of receptor protein involved in a negative feedback loop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dephosphorylation of nuclear lamins allows for the reassembly of the nuclear envelope. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules, ions, and ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosome assembly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA and protein, located between the nucleolus and nuclear envelope. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The egg cell contributes the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles to the zygote. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell would be unable to produce sufficient energy to perform active transport and other energy-intensive processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis, driven by a higher solute concentration inside the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoids, arranged in grana, maximize the surface area for light capture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry out photosynthesis to produce energy for the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The drug must have a high affinity for specific receptor proteins on the cell surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actin forms the thin filaments, while myosin forms the thick filaments and uses ATP to generate force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folding and modification of newly synthesized proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for selective targeting of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria without harming eukaryotic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A symport transporter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol decreases membrane fluidity across a broad range of temperatures, ensuring stability in diverse conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leucoplasts are colorless plastids that serve as storage sites for nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesizing proteins required for cellular functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, fungal cell walls are composed of chitin, and animal cells lack cell walls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella, and are often involved in movement of substances across the cell surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains for protein synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its extensive membrane network facilitates various biochemical processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough ER has ribosomes attached for protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and performs lipid synthesis and detoxification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By producing enzymes that break down drugs, alcohol and poisons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encapsulates proteins within vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It adds and modifies carbohydrates on proteins, then sorts and packages them into vesicles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes actively transport hydrogen ions into their lumen, providing the optimal pH for hydrolytic enzyme activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autophagy eliminates damaged organelles and cellular components, with lysosomes digesting these materials for recycling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme malfunction causes undigested materials to accumulate in lysosomes, disrupting cell function and leading to organ damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct, unlike other organelles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By storing excess water and expanding to push against the cell wall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pump excess water out of the cell, preventing lysis in hypotonic environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By transporting molecules and signals via vesicles, ensuring efficient communication between organelles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus → ER → Golgi apparatus → Lysosomes → Plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus, protecting the DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A selectively permeable membrane composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins, present in both plant and animal cells.

The model describing the plasma membrane structure where proteins are embedded in a dynamic lipid bilayer.

The ability of the plasma membrane to allow certain substances to enter or exit the cell while blocking others.

Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions in the cell, like digestive enzymes breaking down food.

Proteins that protect the body against disease, such as antibodies that inactivate viruses and bacteria.

Proteins that aid in the movement of substances across cell membranes, like hemoglobin transporting oxygen.

Proteins that store amino acids for later use, vital for growth and development, like casein in milk.

Proteins built into the cell membrane that respond to chemical signals, allowing communication between cells.

The control center of the cell, storing DNA and regulating activities.

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus, with pores for transport.

Structures within the nucleus made of DNA that carry genes.

A small structure within the nucleus, involved in ribosome production.

A network of filaments providing structure to the nucleus.

Proteins that bind signaling molecules to initiate a response.

A signaling molecule that helps regulate blood sugar levels.

Proteins that provide support and shape to cells and tissues.

Proteins that enable movement in muscles, such as actin and myosin.

The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy.

Process where cells engulf substances from their surroundings.

The jelly-like substance within a cell, site for chemical reactions.

Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

The process that reverses phosphorylation, allowing the nucleus to reform.

A complex of DNA and proteins located within the nucleus, involved in replication and transcription.

Organelles that produce energy for the cell through aerobic respiration.

The circular DNA found in mitochondria, inherited maternally, essential for their function.

Double membrane-bound organelles in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis.

Flattened, disc-like structures within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll, arranged in stacks called grana.

The fluid within chloroplasts containing DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes for synthesis processes.

Colorless plastids in plant cells that store nutrients such as starch, proteins, and fats.

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose; fungi cell walls are made of chitin, providing support and protection.

A network of protein fibers in cells providing shape, organization, movement, and role in cell division.

Ribosomes synthesize proteins by assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains.

A network that regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions.

Membrane system that manufactures membranes and synthesizes proteins and lipids.

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes; involved in protein production for export.

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.

Finishes, sorts, and ships cell products; acts like the cell's post office.

Flattened membranous sacs in the Golgi that modify and package proteins.

Membrane-bounded sacs containing digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules.

Process where lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles or damaged organelles for digestion.

Disorders caused by malfunctioning lysosomal enzymes, leading to biomolecule buildup.

Organelles that detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids.

Large storage sac in plant cells for proteins, ions, and waste, maintaining turgor pressure.

A selective membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells.

Pathway connecting the nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, and plasma membrane.

Double-membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells, housing genetic material.