Cell Biology Basics Quiz
33 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is NOT part of Cell Theory?

  • All cells are the smallest unit of life.
  • Some organisms are multicellular.
  • All cells come from preexisting cells.
  • All organisms are unicellular. (correct)

    • Eukaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles.

    False

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    They synthesize proteins.

    The ____ is the control center of the cell and contains genetic information.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate what enters and leaves the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell organelles with their functions:

    <p>Nucleus = Control center of the cell Cell wall = Protects the cell and helps maintain shape Rough ER = Protein modification and transport Smooth ER = Makes phospholipids and detoxifies drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic cells have DNA contained within a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in DNA location between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells have free-floating DNA, while eukaryotic cells have DNA contained within a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules can pass directly through the membrane via simple diffusion?

    <p>Fats and oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

    <p>It swells and may undergo lysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of taking material into the cell is called __________.

    <p>endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the transport process with its correct description:

    <p>Active Transport = Movement against a concentration gradient using energy Facilitated Diffusion = Transport of molecules through protein channels Osmosis = Diffusion of water through aquaporins Endocytosis = Process of taking materials into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hypertonic' refer to?

    <p>More solute outside the cell than inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasmolysis occurs when plant cells are placed in a hypotonic solution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the role of aquaporins in passive transport.

    <p>Aquaporins are protein channels that facilitate the passage of water molecules across cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is a type of active transport that uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

    <p>protein pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best solution for animal cells to maintain their shape?

    <p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Protein synthesis and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chloroplasts?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ stores energy in the form of ATP.

    <p>mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organelles to their functions:

    <p>Golgi apparatus = Modifies and sorts proteins Lysosomes = Breaks down waste materials Chloroplasts = Conducts photosynthesis Mitochondria = Produces ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell membrane is completely impermeable to all substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is passive transport?

    <p>The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration without using energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ in plant cells helps to maintain their firmness by storing water.

    <p>central vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the cell membrane is hydrophobic?

    <p>Inner layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>It helps maintain fluidity and stability of the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ operates under a fluid mosaic model, allowing parts to move around.

    <p>cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of molecules to their transport methods:

    <p>Small nonpolar molecules = Simple diffusion Ions = Facilitated diffusion Large polar molecules = Facilitated diffusion Water = Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active transport moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Theory

    • Cells are the fundamental units of life.
    • Some organisms are single-celled (unicellular), others are multicellular.
    • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

    Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotes:
      • Examples: Bacteria
      • Lack membrane-bound organelles.
      • DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus; it floats freely.
      • Smaller and simpler than eukaryotes, but capable of growth, reproduction, response to the environment, and movement.
    • Eukaryotes:
      • Diverse range of organisms (animals, plants, fungi).
      • Contain membrane-bound organelles.
      • DNA is enclosed within a nucleus.
      • Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

    Cell Structures and Functions

    • Cell Wall:
      • Function: Protection, shape maintenance, prevents excessive water uptake.
      • Structure: Composed of cellulose (and other components).
      • Found in plant and certain bacterial cells.
    • Cell Membrane:
      • Function: Regulates what enters/leaves the cell, provides protection, flexible support.
      • Structure: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
      • Found in all cells.
    • Cytoplasm/Cytosol:
      • Cytoplasm: Everything within the cell membrane except the nucleus.
      • Cytosol: The jelly-like fluid surrounding organelles.
      • Found in all cells.
    • Nucleus:
      • Function: Control center; contains DNA (genetic information).
      • Structure: Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope) with pores for material transport.
      • Contains nucleolus (ribosome production site).
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Nucleolus:
      • Function: Ribosome production.
      • Location: Inside the nucleus.
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Ribosomes:
      • Function: Protein synthesis.
      • Structure: RNA and protein; two subunits.
      • Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
    • Smooth ER:
      • Function: Lipid synthesis, detoxification.
      • Structure: Network of folded membranes.
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Rough ER:
      • Function: Protein modification & transport (proteins enter for folding and processing).
      • Structure: Network of folded membranes with ribosomes attached.
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Golgi Apparatus:
      • Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or intracellular use.
      • Structure: Stacked membrane sacs.
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Lysosomes:
      • Function: Intracellular digestion (breakdown of molecules, damaged organelles, or cellular waste).
      • Structure: Membrane-bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes (pH 5).
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Vacuoles & Vesicles:
      • Function: Storage of substances and transport within the cell.
      • Structure: Membrane sacs.
      • Vacuoles: Larger, for storage.
      • Vesicles: Smaller, for transport.
      • Found in eukaryotic cells.
    • Chloroplasts:
      • Function: Photosynthesis (conversion of light energy to chemical energy).
      • Structure: Double-membrane-bound organelle, contains chlorophyll, stroma, and thylakoids.
      • Found in plant cells.
    • Mitochondria:
      • Function: Cellular respiration (energy production from food to ATP).
      • Structure: Double-membrane-bound organelle, cristae for ATP synthesis.
      • Found in plant and animal cells.
    • Central Vacuole (Plant Cells):
      • Function: Maintains cell shape and turgor pressure, stores water.
      • Structure: Large membrane-bound sac (tonoplast).
      • Found in plant cells.

    Protein Synthesis and Transport

    • Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
    • Proteins enter the rough ER for modification.
    • Proteins travel to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging.
    • Proteins are then shipped to their destinations within or outside the cell.

    Endomembrane System

    • Interchangeable membranes (e.g., ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vesicles).

    Cell Membrane Structure and Function

    • Structure: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol.
    • Phospholipids: Form the bilayer, regulate permeability.
    • Proteins: Facilitate transport and other functions.
    • Cholesterol: Maintains fluidity and stability.
    • Fluid Mosaic Model: Parts of the membrane can move.
    • Selectively Permeable: Membrane controls what passes through.

    Cellular Transport

    • Passive Transport:
      • Movement from high to low concentration, no energy required.
      • Examples: Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis.
    • Active Transport:
      • Movement from low to high concentration, requires ATP.
    • Simple Diffusion:
      • Small, nonpolar molecules pass directly through the membrane.
    • Facilitated Diffusion:
      • Large, polar, or charged molecules use transport proteins to pass through.
    • Osmosis:
      • Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane, often through aquaporin channels.
    • Tonicity:
      • Hypertonic: High solute concentration outside the cell.
      • Hypotonic: Low solute concentration outside the cell.
      • Isotonic: Equal solute concentrations.
    • Animal Cell responses to solutions
      • Hypertonic: Shrinks (crenate), may shrivel.
      • Hypotonic: Swells, may lyse (burst).
      • Isotonic: Retains normal shape.
    • Plant Cell responses to solutions:
      • Hypertonic: Plasmolysis (shrinks away from cell wall).
      • Hypotonic: Turgid (normal state).
      • Isotonic: Flaccid (less firm).
    • Active Transport:
      • Moves substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
      • Uses specialized protein pumps across the membrane.
    • Endocytosis: Taking materials into the cell.
    • Exocytosis: Removing materials from the cell.
    • Phagocytosis: Cellular eating (engulfing large particles).
    • Pinocytosis: Cellular drinking (engulfing dissolved materials).

    Scientific Method and Lab Review

    • Review scientific method, experimental design, and graphing techniques.
    • Review completed labs and class materials.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz focused on Cell Theory and the roles of organelles. Answer questions about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and the significance of the cell membrane. Perfect for biology students!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser