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What is one of the three tenets of the Cell Theory?
Which domain contains prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
How does the size of prokaryotic cells generally compare to eukaryotic cells?
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What is one major difference between plant cells and animal cells?
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Which statement accurately describes mitochondria?
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Which organelles are part of the internal membrane system?
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What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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What roles do cilia and flagella serve in cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- All living organisms are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living things.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Domains of Life
- Bacteria: Prokaryotic organisms
- Archaea: Prokaryotic organisms
- Eukarya: Eukaryotic organisms
Prokaryotic Cells
- Lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Generally smaller than eukaryotic cells (1-10 µm).
Eukaryotic Cells
- Contain membrane-bound organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc.).
- Generally larger than prokaryotic cells (10 - 100 µm).
Organelles
- Nucleus: Contains DNA, the genetic material, controls cell activities.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranes responsible for protein and lipid synthesis.
- Rough ER: Has ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis and modification.
- Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
- Golgi Body/Golgi Apparatus: Processes, packages, and sorts proteins and lipids.
- Vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs that transport molecules.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.
- Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris.
- Peroxisomes: Contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
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Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments that provides structural support, aids in movement, and facilitates cell division.
- Microtubules: Large, hollow tubes that provide structural support, aid in cell division, and transport organelles.
- Microfilaments: Thin, solid filaments that help with cell shape, movement, and muscle contraction.
- Intermediate filaments: Provide structural support and help connect cells.
- Centrioles: Small, cylinder-shaped structures involved in cell division, specifically in the formation of microtubule spindles.
- Vacuoles: Large, fluid-filled sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste products. Larger in plant cells.
Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
- Cell Walls: Present in plant cells, provide structural support and protection. Absent in animal cells.
- Chloroplasts: Present in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis. Absent in animal cells.
- Vacuoles: Much larger and more central in plant cells, responsible for water storage and turgor pressure.
External Structures
- Cilia: Short, hair-like projections that aid in movement.
- Flagella: Long, whip-like projections that aid in movement.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of cell theory, the classification of living organisms into domains, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It also delves into various organelles and their functions within eukaryotic cells. Test your understanding of these essential biological principles!
