Biology Chapter: Cell Theory and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What are the three rules of cell theory?

  • All living things are composed of one or more cells. (correct)
  • Cells must have a nucleus.
  • Cells are the basic structure and function in living things. (correct)
  • New cells are produced from existing cells. (correct)

    • Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

    False

    Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

    False

    What are the exceptions to cell theory?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cell organelle?

    <p>Subunits inside the cell that assist cell functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are functions of the nucleus?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytoplasm?

    <p>Watery material inside the cell in between organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ER?

    <p>Allows transport of proteins around the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes located?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes?

    <p>They are the site of protein synthesis (make proteins).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Golgi Bodies known as?

    <p>The packaging and storing center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Golgi bodies?

    <p>Receive, sort, and package proteins from the ER.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do vacuoles store?

    <p>Water, wastes, and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a mitochondria?

    <p>To use food and oxygen to make high energy (ATP) from cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles?

    <p>To assist in cell division (Mitosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chloroplast is found in animal cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplast?

    <p>To perform Photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the cell membrane?

    <p>The plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cell membrane?

    <p>Border of the cell that regulates what goes in and out of the cell (selectively permeable). It also provides protection and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell wall is found in animal cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cell wall made of?

    <p>Cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell wall?

    <p>Provide protection and support, has thin holes to allow materials to pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is passive transport?

    <p>The movement of things in and out of the cell without use of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of passive transport?

    <p>Diffusion and facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the one type of active transport?

    <p>Osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Osmosis?

    <p>Water molecules moving from high to low concentration (Diffusion of water)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Molecules moving through a protein channel from a high to low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the green pigment in chloroplasts?

    <p>Chlorophyll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Theory

    • All living things are composed of one or more cells.
    • Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living things.
    • New cells are produced from existing cells.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Lack a nucleus.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Contain a nucleus.
    • Have more organelles.

    Exceptions to Cell Theory

    • Viruses
    • Mitochondria and chloroplasts (can reproduce independently)
    • Origin of the first cell (unproven)

    Cell Organelles

    • Subunits within cells that aid in cell functions.

    Nucleus

    • Controls cell processes.
    • Contains DNA.

    Cytoplasm

    • Watery substance between organelles inside the cell.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • Transport system for proteins.
    • Rough ER: studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
    • Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids.

    Ribosomes

    • Found on the ER or free-floating.
    • Sites of protein synthesis.

    Golgi Bodies/Apparatuses

    • "Packaging and storing" center.

    Golgi Body Function

    • Receives, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER.

    Lysosomes

    • Contain enzymes to break down nutrients for cell use.

    Vacuoles

    • Store water, wastes, and nutrients.

    Mitochondria

    • Produce high-energy molecules (ATP) through cellular respiration.

    Centrioles

    • Aid in cell division (mitosis).

    Chloroplasts

    • Found only in plant cells.

    Chloroplast Function

    • Enable photosynthesis.

    Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

    • Outer boundary of the cell.
    • Regulates what enters and exits the cell (selectively permeable).
    • Provides protection and support.

    Cell Wall

    • Found only in plant cells.
    • Made of cellulose.
    • Offers protection and support, with pores for material passage.

    Passive Transport

    • Movement of substances across the cell membrane without energy input.

    Passive Transport Types

    • Diffusion
    • Facilitated diffusion

    Active Transport

    • Movement of substances across the cell membrane requiring energy (ATP).

    Osmosis

    • Type of active transport. (passive transport of water across a membrane).

    Diffusion

    • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

    Facilitated Diffusion

    • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through protein channels.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers key organelles, their functions, and exceptions to cell theory in detail. Test your knowledge on the building blocks of life!

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