Biology Chapter: Cell Theory and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What are the three rules of cell theory?

  • All living things are composed of one or more cells. (correct)
  • Cells must have a nucleus.
  • Cells are the basic structure and function in living things. (correct)
  • New cells are produced from existing cells. (correct)

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

False (B)

Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

False (B)

What are the exceptions to cell theory?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell organelle?

<p>Subunits inside the cell that assist cell functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are functions of the nucleus?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytoplasm?

<p>Watery material inside the cell in between organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ER?

<p>Allows transport of proteins around the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes located?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes?

<p>They are the site of protein synthesis (make proteins).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Golgi Bodies known as?

<p>The packaging and storing center</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Golgi bodies?

<p>Receive, sort, and package proteins from the ER.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do vacuoles store?

<p>Water, wastes, and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a mitochondria?

<p>To use food and oxygen to make high energy (ATP) from cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrioles?

<p>To assist in cell division (Mitosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplast is found in animal cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplast?

<p>To perform Photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the cell membrane?

<p>The plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell membrane?

<p>Border of the cell that regulates what goes in and out of the cell (selectively permeable). It also provides protection and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall is found in animal cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell wall made of?

<p>Cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall?

<p>Provide protection and support, has thin holes to allow materials to pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is passive transport?

<p>The movement of things in and out of the cell without use of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of passive transport?

<p>Diffusion and facilitated diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the one type of active transport?

<p>Osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

<p>The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Osmosis?

<p>Water molecules moving from high to low concentration (Diffusion of water)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is facilitated diffusion?

<p>Molecules moving through a protein channel from a high to low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the green pigment in chloroplasts?

<p>Chlorophyll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the 3 rules of cell theory?

All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. They also contain more organelles.

What are the Exceptions to the cell theory?

Viruses, Mitochondria and Chloroplasts can reproduce themselves. Where did the first cell come from??

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What is a cell Organelle?

Subunits inside the cell that assist cell functions.

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What is the function of the nucleus?

  1. Controls most cell processes 2. Contains DNA
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What is the cytoplasm?

Watery material inside the cell in between organelles.

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What is The difference between Rough and Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

Rough ER is covered in Ribosomes, while Smooth ER has no ribosomes. Rough ER makes proteins, and smooth ER makes lipids.

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What is the function of ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

Allows transport of proteins around the cell.

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Where are Ribosomes located?

On the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) or free floating

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What is the function of Ribosomes?

They are the site of protein synthesis (make proteins)

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What are Golgi Bodies known as?

The packaging and storing center

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What is the function of Golgi bodies?

Receive, Sort and package proteins from the ER.

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What is the function of Lysosomes?

To break down nutrients by using enzymes (digest) from food for use by the cell.

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What do Vacuoles store?

Water, Wastes, and Nutrients.

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What is the function of a mitochondria?

To use food and oxygen to make high energy (ATP) from cellular respiration.

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What is the function of Centrioles?

To assist in cell division (Mitosis)

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Where is Chloroplast found?

Plant cells ONLY.

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What is the function of Chloroplast?

To perform Photosynthesis.

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What is another name for the Cell Membrane?

The Plasma Membrane

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What is the cell membrane?

Border of the cell that regulates what goes in and out of the cell. (selectively permeable). It also Provides protection and support.

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Where is the Cell Wall found?

Plant Cells ONLY

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What is the Cell Wall made of?

Cellulose

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What is the function of the cell wall?

Provide protection and support, has thin holes to allow materials to pass through.

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What is passive transport?

The movement of things in and out of the cell without use of energy.

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What are the 2 types of Passive transport?

diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

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What is active transport?

The movement of things in and out of the cell requiring the use of ATP energy.

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What is the 1 type of active transport?

Osmosis

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What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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What is Osmosis?

Water molecules moving from high to low concentration (Diffusion of water)

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What is facilitated diffusion?

Molecules moving through a protein channel from a high to low concentration.

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What is the green pigment in chloroplasts?

Chlorophyll

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Study Notes

Cell Theory

  • All living things are composed of one or more cells.
  • Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living things.
  • New cells are produced from existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

  • Lack a nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells

  • Contain a nucleus.
  • Have more organelles.

Exceptions to Cell Theory

  • Viruses
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts (can reproduce independently)
  • Origin of the first cell (unproven)

Cell Organelles

  • Subunits within cells that aid in cell functions.

Nucleus

  • Controls cell processes.
  • Contains DNA.

Cytoplasm

  • Watery substance between organelles inside the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  • Transport system for proteins.
  • Rough ER: studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
  • Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids.

Ribosomes

  • Found on the ER or free-floating.
  • Sites of protein synthesis.

Golgi Bodies/Apparatuses

  • "Packaging and storing" center.

Golgi Body Function

  • Receives, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER.

Lysosomes

  • Contain enzymes to break down nutrients for cell use.

Vacuoles

  • Store water, wastes, and nutrients.

Mitochondria

  • Produce high-energy molecules (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Centrioles

  • Aid in cell division (mitosis).

Chloroplasts

  • Found only in plant cells.

Chloroplast Function

  • Enable photosynthesis.

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

  • Outer boundary of the cell.
  • Regulates what enters and exits the cell (selectively permeable).
  • Provides protection and support.

Cell Wall

  • Found only in plant cells.
  • Made of cellulose.
  • Offers protection and support, with pores for material passage.

Passive Transport

  • Movement of substances across the cell membrane without energy input.

Passive Transport Types

  • Diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion

Active Transport

  • Movement of substances across the cell membrane requiring energy (ATP).

Osmosis

  • Type of active transport. (passive transport of water across a membrane).

Diffusion

  • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

  • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through protein channels.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers key organelles, their functions, and exceptions to cell theory in detail. Test your knowledge on the building blocks of life!

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