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Questions and Answers
Which type of relationship is characterized by one organism benefiting and the other being harmed?
Which type of relationship is characterized by one organism benefiting and the other being harmed?
What do capital letters represent in the context of genetic traits?
What do capital letters represent in the context of genetic traits?
What is the term for the removal of a forest?
What is the term for the removal of a forest?
Which stage of mitosis comes after prophase?
Which stage of mitosis comes after prophase?
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What is the term for changes to genetic material that result in disorders?
What is the term for changes to genetic material that result in disorders?
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What is the main idea of the cell theory?
What is the main idea of the cell theory?
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What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
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What is the main difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
What is the main difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
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What is the purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?
What is the purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?
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What is the role of the circulatory system?
What is the role of the circulatory system?
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What is the result of energy transfer at each trophic level, according to the rule of 10?
What is the result of energy transfer at each trophic level, according to the rule of 10?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
- Cells come from other cells
- All living things are made up of cells
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cell: cell with no nucleus
- Eukaryotic cell: cell with a true nucleus
Cell Structures and Functions
- Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell
- Nucleus: control center of the cell
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane controlling what enters and leaves
- Cell wall: rigid wall outside the cell membrane in plant cells
- Ribosomes: produce proteins
- Chloroplast: contain chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis
- Vacuole: storage tanks
Systems and Functions
- Circulatory system: circulates blood/oxygen throughout the body
- Digestive system: breaks down foods for absorption
- Respiratory system: takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- Muscular system: provides movement, digestion, etc.
- Skeletal system: provides support and structure
- Nervous system: transmits messages and processes information
Ecosystems
- Biotic factors: living things
- Abiotic factors: non-living things
- Rule of 10: 10% energy loss at each trophic level
Energy Processes
- Photosynthesis: making energy from sunlight
- Cellular respiration: breaking down substances for energy
Relationships
- Mutualism: both organisms benefit
- Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unaffected
- Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed
Genetics
- Dominant traits: represented by capital letters, cover recessive traits
- Recessive traits: represented by lowercase letters, only show with two recessive alleles
- Genetic mutation: changes to genetic material resulting in disorders
Additional Terms
- Deforestation: removal of forest
- Succession: primary and secondary succession
- Prophase: prepare/first stage of mitosis
- Metaphase: middle/second stage of mitosis
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Description
Learn about the fundamental principles of cell biology, including the cell theory, types of cells, and cell structures. Test your knowledge of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, and cell wall.
