11 Questions
Which type of relationship is characterized by one organism benefiting and the other being harmed?
Parasitism
What do capital letters represent in the context of genetic traits?
Dominant traits
What is the term for the removal of a forest?
Deforestation
Which stage of mitosis comes after prophase?
Metaphase
What is the term for changes to genetic material that result in disorders?
Genetic mutation
What is the main idea of the cell theory?
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
To generate energy for the cell
What is the main difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
Biotic factors are living, while abiotic factors are non-living
What is the purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide a rigid structure outside the cell membrane
What is the role of the circulatory system?
To circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body
What is the result of energy transfer at each trophic level, according to the rule of 10?
A loss of 10% energy
Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
- Cells come from other cells
- All living things are made up of cells
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cell: cell with no nucleus
- Eukaryotic cell: cell with a true nucleus
Cell Structures and Functions
- Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell
- Nucleus: control center of the cell
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane controlling what enters and leaves
- Cell wall: rigid wall outside the cell membrane in plant cells
- Ribosomes: produce proteins
- Chloroplast: contain chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis
- Vacuole: storage tanks
Systems and Functions
- Circulatory system: circulates blood/oxygen throughout the body
- Digestive system: breaks down foods for absorption
- Respiratory system: takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- Muscular system: provides movement, digestion, etc.
- Skeletal system: provides support and structure
- Nervous system: transmits messages and processes information
Ecosystems
- Biotic factors: living things
- Abiotic factors: non-living things
- Rule of 10: 10% energy loss at each trophic level
Energy Processes
- Photosynthesis: making energy from sunlight
- Cellular respiration: breaking down substances for energy
Relationships
- Mutualism: both organisms benefit
- Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unaffected
- Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed
Genetics
- Dominant traits: represented by capital letters, cover recessive traits
- Recessive traits: represented by lowercase letters, only show with two recessive alleles
- Genetic mutation: changes to genetic material resulting in disorders
Additional Terms
- Deforestation: removal of forest
- Succession: primary and secondary succession
- Prophase: prepare/first stage of mitosis
- Metaphase: middle/second stage of mitosis
Learn about the fundamental principles of cell biology, including the cell theory, types of cells, and cell structures. Test your knowledge of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, and cell wall.
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