Cell Biology and Geometry Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The chromatids are attached to microtubules by kinetochore during the prometaphase. To what part of the chromosome is kinetochore binding in this process?

A centriole

A centrosome

A centroplast

A centromere (correct)

Axons are often wrapped by myelin, which comprises multiple membranes. What is the function of this structure?

insulation to prevent membrane potential diffusion (correct)

insulation to prevent organelle leakage

insulation to prevent warmth escape

insulation to prevent cytosol leakage

What are essential hallmarks of all cells?

Cells are composed of cytosol containing biomolecules. (correct)

Cells are composed of organelles attached to the cytoskeleton.

Cells are composed of cytosol containing organelles.

Cells are composed of genetic material that is divided over daughter cells.

APC/C is an important protein in the cell cycle. What is the role of APC/C?

APC/C activates the separase enzyme and triggers degradation of all cyclins. Signup and view all the answers

The cross sections above are all made from the geometrical figure...

cuboid Signup and view all the answers

In the EM picture of bone tissue above, three areas are indicated. What are these structures?

1 = osteoclast, 2 = osteocyte, 3 = bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes take place during the G1 phase of the cell cycle? Choose the best fit answer.

Synthesis of new organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of S/Cdk?

Starting of DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

In which branch of the tree of life do you find multicellular organisms?

Eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is indicated by number 1 in the EM picture above?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

At which checkpoint numbered in the picture above are all cyclins degraded?

3 Signup and view all the answers

In the electron microscope collagen fibres show a striped pattern, what causes this pattern?

This is caused by the overlap of tropocollagen elements Signup and view all the answers

In the TED talk by professor Clevers two advantages are mentioned of stem cell therapy. Which ones are these?

You can transplant part of an organ and you can use stem cells from the patients themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What component is part of an electron microscope but is not present in light microscopes?

none of these options Signup and view all the answers

In a desmosome are located:

cadherins Signup and view all the answers

With which statement do you agree?

GTP stabilizes tubulin polymerisation Signup and view all the answers

Integrin molecules

are involved in connecting actin filaments to collagen Signup and view all the answers

When a G-protein binds to an activated receptor, then:

the G-protein gets activated Signup and view all the answers

The length of an actin filament is determined by:

capping proteins Signup and view all the answers

The Signal Recognition Particle (SRP):

Binds to the ER signal peptide and the SRP receptor on the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

The chaperone PDI is kept in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by:

A C-terminal KDEL signal Signup and view all the answers

Pinocytosis is:

Indiscriminate Signup and view all the answers

Mannose-6-phosphate is a targeting signal for:

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Most mitochondrial proteins are made:

In the cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1

Chromatids attach to microtubules via kinetochores during prometaphase
Kinetochores are located on the centromere of a chromosome

Question 2

Myelin is a multi-layered structure wrapping axons
Myelin insulates axons, preventing cytosol leakage

Question 3

Essential cell characteristics include cytosol containing organelles
Cytosol contains biomolecules
Organelles are attached to the cytoskeleton
Genetic material is divided amongst daughter cells

Question 4

APC/C is a crucial protein in the cell cycle
It regulates the metaphase/anaphase checkpoint, particularly through degrading separase enzyme
APC/C is not involved in DNA duplication nor directly degrading all cyclins
APC/C does not regulate the G1/M-phase checkpoint by separase enzyme degradation

Question 5

Cross-sections illustrated are geometrical figures
Possible figures are cylinders, tetrahedrons, and cuboids

Question 6

EM image of bone tissue shows three marked areas
These areas represent different bone cells: osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte

Question 7

Key processes occurring during the G1 phase of the cell cycle are the synthesis of new organelles and centrosomes
DNA synthesis does not take place in G1

Question 8

S/Cdk is a critical protein or enzyme complex.
This complex initiates DNA replication

Question 9

Multicellular organisms reside in the domain Eukaryotes

Question 10

Organelle number 1 in the EM image is the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

All cyclins are degraded at the M-phase checkpoint.

Question 12

Collagen fibers exhibit a striped pattern due to the overlap of tropocollagen elements
The pattern is not caused by actin/myosin association, calcium binding, or an artifact from preparation

Question 13

Two advantages of stem cell therapy include the ability to transplant an organ part
Stem cell therapy can also alleviate the need for patient medication

Question 14

From largest to smallest, the structures are nucleus, mitochondrion, ribosome, and water molecules

Question 15

Electron microscopes utilize components lacking in light microscopes
One example is the objective lens

Question 16

Desmosomes contain cadherins and keratin, not connexins or hyaluronic acid

Question 17

GTP hydrolysis is pivotal in tubulin polymerization, a process similar to actin polymerization
ATP and GTP play essential roles

Question 18

Integrins' function encompasses binding to intermediate filaments
They connect intermediate filaments to the cell membrane, and are not directly linked to collagen

Question 19

G-protein activation occurs when an activated receptor binds to the G-protein
GTP conversion to GDP takes place in this G-protein activation event and cAMP is not generated as an immediate consequence

Question 20

The length of an actin filament is dictated by capping proteins, not voltage, protein count, or breakdown

Question 21

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) facilitates protein degradation, binds ER signal peptides and SRP receptor on the plasma membrane
SRP plays a role in recognizing KDEL sequences but doesn't stop translation after ER signal peptide binding

Question 22

Proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are retained by a C-terminal KDEL signal, it's not a lipid or carbohydrate linkage.

Question 23

Pinocytosis is an indiscriminate membrane invagination, not receptor-mediated, nor a form of exocytosis
It's used for cellular uptake but isn't the most efficient mechanism for cholesterol uptake.

Question 24

Mannose-6-phosphate is a targeting signal for lysosomes, not the Golgi network, peroxisomes, or cell nucleus.

Question 25

Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and actively imported into mitochondrial matrix (not made inside the mitochondrion), not made directly in the nucleus or ER.

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Description

Test your knowledge on important concepts in cell biology and geometry. This quiz covers topics such as chromatid attachment, myelin structure, cellular characteristics, the role of APC/C in the cell cycle, and geometric figures. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these critical subjects!