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Questions and Answers
How many chromosomes does a zygote receive from the mother?
23
Which of these processes makes it possible for two Labradors to produce offspring of different colors?
meiosis
What is a diploid cell?
has two homologues of each chromosome, is designated by the symbol 2n, & has chromosomes found in pairs
What is the process of a cell increasing its size, doubling its contents, dividing into 2 independent cells, & repeating the process called?
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What is the process in which two daughter cells are formed that are exactly like the parent cell?
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During which phase does the pairing of homologous chromosomes occur?
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What is the difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase 1 of meiosis?
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What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
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What are cells that contain a single set of chromosomes called?
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What are cells that contain a double set of chromosomes called?
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What do all organisms that reproduce sexually produce?
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Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during fertilization?
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What is the uncontrolled division of certain body cells that interfere with normal body functioning called?
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What type of division is the same in both males and females?
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In which process are parent and daughter cells not identical?
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What happens during meiosis regarding the divisions of the parent cell?
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Which process creates gamete cells?
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Which process of cell division produces haploid cells?
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What type of cell division is characterized as either meiosis or mitosis?
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What creates two daughter cells?
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How many times does a parent cell divide in mitosis?
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What division produces four daughter cells?
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In which process are daughter cells identical to the parent cell?
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The fact that children can have the same hair color but different eye color is explained by what?
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Meiosis creates ____ cells while mitosis creates _____ cells.
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If a somatic cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will it have at the end of the S phase?
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If a somatic cell has 44 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will it have at the end of cell division?
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What is the pairing of homologous chromosomes called?
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What is a structure found during plant cell mitosis that is not found during animal cell mitosis?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology and the Cell Cycle
- A human zygote consists of 46 chromosomes, with 23 inherited from the mother.
- Labrador retriever color variations are due to meiosis, enabling different offspring colors from two parents.
- Diploid cells, designated as 2n, contain two homologues for each chromosome, organized in pairs.
- The cell cycle involves growth, DNA replication, and cell division.
- Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Stages of Mitosis and Meiosis
- Homologous chromosomes pair during prophase 1 of meiosis.
- In mitosis' anaphase, chromatids separate at the centromere, while in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate.
- The cell cycle progresses through phases: G1, S (synthesis), G2, followed by mitotic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Chromosome Composition and Reproduction
- Haploid cells contain a single set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets.
- Sexual reproduction involves the formation of gametes, which have the chromosome number represented as n + n = 2n during fertilization.
Cancer and Cell Division
- Cancer refers to the uncontrolled division of certain body cells, leading to tissue invasion and interference with normal body functions.
- Mitosis is a type of division resulting in identical parent and daughter cells. In contrast, meiosis results in non-identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis involves two rounds of division and produces four daughter cells, while mitosis results in two.
Genetic Variation
- The law of independent assortment explains the genetic variation in offspring, such as siblings having different eye colors despite the same hair color.
- Somatic cells can replicate; a somatic cell with 8 chromosomes has 16 chromosomes by the end of the S phase.
- A somatic cell maintains the same chromosome number post-division, exemplified by a cell with 44 chromosomes that remains unchanged after division.
Unique Processes in Cell Division
- Tetrad refers to a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
- Binary fission is a process of asexual reproduction common in unicellular organisms.
- Plant cell mitosis features a cell plate, which is absent in animal cell mitosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell biology, focusing on the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Explore how chromosome composition influences reproduction and the stages involved in cellular division. This quiz covers key concepts regarding haploid and diploid cells, as well as detailed phases of mitosis and meiosis.
