lecture 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of development topology?

  • The process of fertilization
  • The communication between cells to form tissues
  • The generation of different phenotypic diversities (correct)
  • The preformed nature of anatomies and morphologies

    • What major transitions does the speaker mention in the text?

  • Evolution giving rise to major anatomical changes
  • Tinkering with developmental systems
  • Communication between cells and different axes
  • Formation of tissues and organ strata (correct)

    • What concept has been debunked in relation to the emergence of complex morphologies and anatomies?

  • The theory of evolution giving rise to major transitions
  • The idea of preformation through fertilization (correct)
  • The role of 3-dimensional orchestration in development
  • The concept of the homunculus

    • What is the main focus of the discussion in the provided text?

    <p>The origin of animals and their developmental stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs in bats but not in mice, according to the text?

    <p>Interdigital space retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of molecular level research mentioned in the text?

    <p>Genes and molecules related to tissue retention or loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major categories of specification mentioned in the text?

    <p>Autonomous, conditional, and sensational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of autonomous specification?

    <p>Specification by differential acquisition of certain cytoplasmic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding the types of specifications important when studying the embryogenesis of different animal groups?

    <p>To easily digest the developmental processes in different animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the A 4.1 cells give rise to if isolated before interaction with neighboring cells?

    <p>Notochord tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells mentioned in the text exhibit similar characteristics to those found in the embryo, especially in terms of forming properly?

    <p>B 4.1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an exception in terms of cell specification and intended development according to the text?

    <p>Cells related to the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of isolating the A 4.2 and B 4.2 cells mentioned in the text?

    <p>They will give rise to ectoderm tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue will the B 4.1 cells give rise to if isolated before interaction with neighboring cells?

    <p>Muscle and mesenchyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interaction amongst neighboring cells according to the text?

    <p>It is crucial for later stages of cell development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures in fish have a common ancestry with the middle ear bones in mammals, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Gill supports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the larval stages of barnacles and shrimp, what underscores their common ancestry as crustacean arthropods?

    <p>Larval stage (the nauplius)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invertebrate relative is closest to vertebrates?

    <p>Tunicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the bat forelimb but not in the mouse forelimb?

    <p>Apoptosis of the webbing between the digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the developmental evolution of life mentioned in the text?

    <p>First signs of gastrulation in ctenophores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference in the development of bat and mouse forelimbs as described in the text?

    <p>The webbing between the digits dies in the mouse but not in the bat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the fate of the cytoplasmic regions in the Styela partita zygote?

    <p>The cytoplasmic regions have distinct fates after three cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the macho mRNA in the tunicate oocyte primarily regulate?

    <p>Muscle development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the tunicate nervous system as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It is conditionally specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of knocking down macho function by injection of targeting antisense oligonucleotides?

    <p>It causes reductions in muscle differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Driesch's demonstration of conditional specification, what happens when one removes the 4-cell embryo from its fertilization envelope and isolates each of the four cells?

    <p>Each cell can form a smaller, but normal, pluteus larva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the fate of a cell according to the text?

    <p>Its interactions with neighboring cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Driesch's goal in his study mentioned in the text?

    <p>To explain development in terms of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of ectopic misexpression of macho in other blastomeres?

    <p>It leads to expanded muscle differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines what a cell becomes?

    <p>Its position in the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

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