lecture 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of development topology?

  • The process of fertilization
  • The communication between cells to form tissues
  • The generation of different phenotypic diversities (correct)
  • The preformed nature of anatomies and morphologies

What major transitions does the speaker mention in the text?

  • Evolution giving rise to major anatomical changes
  • Tinkering with developmental systems
  • Communication between cells and different axes
  • Formation of tissues and organ strata (correct)

What concept has been debunked in relation to the emergence of complex morphologies and anatomies?

  • The theory of evolution giving rise to major transitions
  • The idea of preformation through fertilization (correct)
  • The role of 3-dimensional orchestration in development
  • The concept of the homunculus

What is the main focus of the discussion in the provided text?

<p>The origin of animals and their developmental stages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs in bats but not in mice, according to the text?

<p>Interdigital space retention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of molecular level research mentioned in the text?

<p>Genes and molecules related to tissue retention or loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major categories of specification mentioned in the text?

<p>Autonomous, conditional, and sensational (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of autonomous specification?

<p>Specification by differential acquisition of certain cytoplasmic molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the types of specifications important when studying the embryogenesis of different animal groups?

<p>To easily digest the developmental processes in different animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the A 4.1 cells give rise to if isolated before interaction with neighboring cells?

<p>Notochord tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells mentioned in the text exhibit similar characteristics to those found in the embryo, especially in terms of forming properly?

<p>B 4.1 cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exception in terms of cell specification and intended development according to the text?

<p>Cells related to the nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of isolating the A 4.2 and B 4.2 cells mentioned in the text?

<p>They will give rise to ectoderm tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue will the B 4.1 cells give rise to if isolated before interaction with neighboring cells?

<p>Muscle and mesenchyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interaction amongst neighboring cells according to the text?

<p>It is crucial for later stages of cell development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures in fish have a common ancestry with the middle ear bones in mammals, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Gill supports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the larval stages of barnacles and shrimp, what underscores their common ancestry as crustacean arthropods?

<p>Larval stage (the nauplius) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invertebrate relative is closest to vertebrates?

<p>Tunicates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the bat forelimb but not in the mouse forelimb?

<p>Apoptosis of the webbing between the digits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the developmental evolution of life mentioned in the text?

<p>First signs of gastrulation in ctenophores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in the development of bat and mouse forelimbs as described in the text?

<p>The webbing between the digits dies in the mouse but not in the bat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the fate of the cytoplasmic regions in the Styela partita zygote?

<p>The cytoplasmic regions have distinct fates after three cell divisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the macho mRNA in the tunicate oocyte primarily regulate?

<p>Muscle development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the tunicate nervous system as mentioned in the text?

<p>It is conditionally specified (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of knocking down macho function by injection of targeting antisense oligonucleotides?

<p>It causes reductions in muscle differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Driesch's demonstration of conditional specification, what happens when one removes the 4-cell embryo from its fertilization envelope and isolates each of the four cells?

<p>Each cell can form a smaller, but normal, pluteus larva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the fate of a cell according to the text?

<p>Its interactions with neighboring cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Driesch's goal in his study mentioned in the text?

<p>To explain development in terms of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ectopic misexpression of macho in other blastomeres?

<p>It leads to expanded muscle differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines what a cell becomes?

<p>Its position in the embryo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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