CCNA Routing and Switching - Chapter 2

CCNA Routing and Switching - Chapter 2

• Cisco IOS software is used on networking devices like switches, routers, wireless access points, and firewalls
• All electronic devices need an operating system
• IOS devices have features and functions, and a command structure, for configuring and managing network devices
• IOS devices can be configured via a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI)
• Network devices can be assigned hostnames for easier identification on topology diagrams and during configuration
• Hostnames are shown in CLI prompts
• Administrative access is necessary on network devices

IOS Bootcamp

• Understanding components and functions of Cisco IOS software
• Purpose and capabilities of Cisco IOS
• Accessing and navigating Cisco IOS for configuration
• Command structure of Cisco IOS software

Basic Device Configuration

• Initial network device settings using Cisco IOS software
• Configuring hostnames using the CLI
• Limiting access to device configurations
• Saving the running configuration using IOS commands

Address Schemes

• Configuring IP address parameters for small to medium-sized business networks using an IP addressing scheme
• Understanding how devices communicate across network media
• Configuring host devices with IP addresses
• Verifying end-to-end device connectivity

Cisco IOS Modes of Operation

• Cisco IOS modes use a hierarchical command structure
• Each mode has a distinctive prompt and specific commands for its tasks

Primary Command Modes

• User EXEC mode allows basic monitoring (view-only) commands
• Privileged EXEC mode lets execute configuration and management commands

Configuration Command Modes

• Global configuration mode (global config) affects the overall device operation
• Sub modes like interface mode and line mode allow configurations of network interfaces and communication channels

Navigate Between IOS Modes

• Commands (enable, disable, exit, end, ^z) to move between different command modes

IOS Command Structure

• Cisco IOS commands have specific formats and syntaxes
• Commands often require keywords and arguments
• The command line interpreter checks for errors like incomplete or ambiguous commands

Hot Keys and Shortcuts

• Commands and keywords can be shortened to unique identifiers
• Hotkeys (arrows, tab, control keys) can be used for navigation and actions in the command line

Save Configurations

• Running configuration- stores current device settings in RAM
• Startup configuration- stores settings used when device restarts (stored in NVRAM)
• IOS commands (show startup-config, show running-config, copy running-config startup-config)

Alter the Running Configuration

• Modifying saved configurations
• Using reload command to restore startup configuration
• Using erase startup-config command if needed

IP Addressing Overview

• Devices like computers, printers and servers need an IP address and subnet mask to connect to a network
• IP addresses are expressed as four decimal numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.10)
• Subnet mask determines network and host portion

Interfaces and Ports

• Layer 2 switches use physical ports to connect devices
• Virtual interfaces (SVIs) configured for remote management
• VLAN 1 is the default VLAN and has an SVI

Configure IP Addressing for End Devices

• Manually configuring IP addresses on a Windows host
• Using the Control Panel > Network > Sharing Center > Change adapter settings
• Obtaining IP addresses from a DHCP server

Switch Virtual Interface

• Remotely manage a switch by configuring a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) 1 switch virtual interface (SVI)
• SVI needs an IP address, subnet mask, and enabled mode

Verifying Connectivity

• Verifying configuration using IP commands like ipconfig on a Windows host
• Using show ip interface brief command on routers or switches

End-to-End Connectivity Test

• Testing network connectivity with the ping command