Network Fundamentals: Switch Configuration and Boot
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary advantage of using SSH over Telnet for remote access?

  • SSH uses less network bandwidth.
  • SSH can connect without requiring a username.
  • SSH offers an encrypted management connection. (correct)
  • SSH allows for faster connection speeds.

    • Which command is essential for verifying SSH support on a switch?

  • show running-config
  • show ip interface
  • show version (correct)
  • show ssh status

    • When configuring SSH, which command ensures that only the local database is used for authentication?

  • transport input ssh
  • login local (correct)
  • enable secret
  • username admin privilege

    • What type of connection do Gigabit Ethernet and 10Gb Ethernet NICs require to function properly?

    <p>Full-duplex connections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be present in the IOS version of a switch to utilize SSH?

    <p>An IOS version with cryptographic capabilities indicated by 'k9'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command would you use to check the duplex and speed settings on a switch interface?

    <p>show interfaces interface_id (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would be most appropriate to secure multiple unused switch ports at once?

    <p>interface range (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after generating RSA key pairs during SSH configuration?

    <p>Configure the vty lines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature allows an interface to automatically detect the required cable type for connection?

    <p>Auto-MDIX (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would be used to check the current SSH connections from a remote device?

    <p>show users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command can be used to verify the settings of the Auto-MDIX feature?

    <p>show controllers Ethernet-controller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a commonly forgotten step in configuring SSH?

    <p>Configuring the IP domain name. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the first parameter indicate when using the show interfaces command?

    <p>Carrier detect signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding fiber ports is correct?

    <p>Fiber ports only operate at one speed and are full-duplex. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of verifying duplex and speed settings on a switch?

    <p>To prevent connectivity issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keepalives in data link layer protocols?

    <p>To determine protocol status. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DHCPv4 in a network?

    <p>To dynamically assign IPv4 addresses and network configuration information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following messages is sent first in the DHCPv4 leasing process?

    <p>DHCP Discover (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of message does the DHCPv4 server send in response to a client's DHCP Discover?

    <p>DHCP Offer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which UDP port is used by the DHCPv4 client to send messages?

    <p>UDP port 68 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the last two steps in the DHCPv4 leasing process?

    <p>DHCP Request and DHCP Acknowledgment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a switched network that implements DHCP, what might a common issue to troubleshoot involve?

    <p>Failure of a device to respond to a DHCP Discover message. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a dedicated DHCPv4 server in a network?

    <p>It is easy to manage and scalable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of a Cisco router in DHCPv4?

    <p>It can be configured to provide DHCPv4 services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to create a DHCPv4 pool on a Cisco router?

    <p>ip dhcp pool pool-name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to verify the DHCPv4 configuration?

    <p>show running-config | section dhcp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When configuring a DHCPv4 server, which command is used to exclude specific IPv4 addresses?

    <p>ip dhcp excluded-address (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do routers play in the context of DHCPDISCOVER messages?

    <p>Act as relay agents for broadcasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command should be used to configure a router as a DHCPv4 client?

    <p>ip address dhcp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command provides information about DHCP server statistics?

    <p>show ip dhcp server statistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a wireless router, how is IPv4 addressing information typically obtained?

    <p>Automatically received from the ISP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the operation of DHCPv4 be verified after configuration?

    <p>Using the command show ip dhcp binding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action a Stateful DHCPv6 client performs?

    <p>Sends a DHCPv6 REQUEST message for an IPv6 address (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is necessary to verify the Stateless DHCPv6 configuration?

    <p>show ipv6 dhcp pool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configuration step is not part of setting up a Stateless DHCPv6 server?

    <p>Allow the router to send RS messages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the command 'ipv6 nd managed-config-flag' in a Stateful DHCPv6 server configuration?

    <p>To indicate that the device will manage address configuration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is required when configuring a router as a Stateful DHCPv6 client?

    <p>Allow the router to send RS messages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to enable IPv6 routing on a router intended as a DHCPv6 server?

    <p>ipv6 unicast-routing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows after configuring a DHCPv6 pool on the router for Stateless DHCPv6?

    <p>Configure interface with ipv6 dhcp server pool-name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which command does workload allocation for DNS servers pertain in Stateful DHCPv6 server setup?

    <p>dns-server dns-server-address (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to verify the DHCPv6 configuration on a router?

    <p>show ipv6 interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command should be used to check the bindings created by a Stateful DHCPv6 server?

    <p>show ipv6 dhcp binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When configuring a router as a DHCPv6 relay agent, which command is required?

    <p>ipv6 dhcp relay destination destination-address (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To verify the transmission and receipt of DHCPv6 messages, which debugging command should you use?

    <p>debug ipv6 dhcp detail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of configuring DHCPv6 in a network?

    <p>To manage IP addresses in small to medium-sized networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to remember when the DHCPv6 server is on a different network than the client?

    <p>The router must be configured as a DHCPv6 relay agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is 'debug ipv6 dhcp detail' particularly useful?

    <p>When troubleshooting DHCPv6 issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would NOT be helpful when troubleshooting DHCPv6?

    <p>show ipv4 dhcp bindings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Full-duplex connection

    A communication method where data can be sent and received simultaneously in both directions.

    Gig/10Gb Ethernet NICs

    Network Interface Cards that support Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet speeds.

    Auto-MDIX

    A feature that automatically detects and configures the cable type (straight-through or crossover).

    Show interface command

    A command to check duplex and speed settings, commonly used for Network troubleshooting.

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    Layer 1

    The physical layer of the network, responsible for the physical transmission of data.

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    Layer 2

    The data link layer, responsible for reliable data transfer across the network.

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    Carrier Detect

    The signal indicating the physical connection’s readiness.

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    Show interfaces

    A command to detect network media issues and check the status of physical layers.

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    SSH vs. Telnet

    SSH is a secure protocol for remote access, while Telnet transmits data in plain text.

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    SSH Prerequisites

    IOS version with cryptographic capabilities is needed for SSH configuration.

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    Key Generation

    Crucial step in SSH setup, involves creating public and private key pairs.

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    User Authentication

    SSH setups needs to use a secure method of authentication for accessing the target device.

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    SSH Version 2

    The default SSH version used for enhanced security and compatibility.

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    Local Database

    Using local database for username and password verification inside the SSH config

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    Verifying SSH

    Testing the SSH connection from a client device to the switch.

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    Interface Range Command

    A command for configuring multiple switch ports simultaneously.

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    DHCPv4

    Dynamically assigns IPv4 addresses and network configurations to clients.

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    DHCPv4 Client

    A device that requests and receives an IPv4 address from a server.

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    DHCPv4 Server

    A device that provides IPv4 addresses and configuration information to clients.

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    DHCP Discover (DHCPDISCOVER)

    A broadcast message from a client to find a DHCP server.

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    DHCP Offer (DHCPOFFER)

    A unicast response from a server to a client with an address offer.

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    DHCP Request (DHCPREQUEST)

    A broadcast message from the client accepting or rejecting an offer.

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    DHCP Acknowledgment (DHCPACK)

    A final unicast message from the server confirming the address assignment.

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    DHCP Message Format

    Specific structure of DHCPv4 messages using UDP ports 68 (client) and 67 (server).

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    DHCPv4 Server Configuration

    Configuring a router to distribute IP addresses dynamically to devices on a network.

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    Excluded IP Addresses

    Specific IP addresses or ranges that a DHCP server will not assign.

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    DHCPv4 Pool

    A range of IP addresses a DHCP server can assign.

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    DHCPv4 Relay

    A router acting as a intermediary to forward DHCP requests to a DHCP server.

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    DHCPv4 Client Configuration

    Setting a device to receive its IP address automatically from a DHCP server.

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    DHCPv4 Verification

    Checking the configuration and operation of the DHCP server.

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    DHCPv4 Helper Address

    An IP address on a router used to relay DHCP messages.

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    IP Address DHCP

    The router or device configures to receive its IP address via DHCP.

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    Stateful DHCPv6 Client

    A DHCPv6 client that requests an IPv6 address and other configuration parameters from a DHCPv6 server.

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    Stateless DHCPv6 Server

    A DHCPv6 server that provides only an IPv6 address to clients, relying on other mechanisms like router advertisement for configuration.

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    Configure a Stateless DHCPv6 Server (Step 1)

    Enable IPv6 routing on the router using the command ipv6 unicast-routing.

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    Configure a Stateless DHCPv6 Server (Step 2)

    Create a DHCPv6 pool using the command ipv6 dhcp pool pool-name.

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    Configure a Stateless DHCPv6 Server (Step 3)

    Define parameters for the DHCPv6 pool, such as DNS server addresses using dns-server server-address.

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    Configure a Stateless DHCPv6 Server (Step 4)

    Bind the DHCPv6 pool to an interface using the command ipv6 dhcp server pool-name.

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    Configure a Stateless DHCPv6 Client (Step 1)

    Enable IPv6 on the interface using the command ipv6 enable.

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    Configure a Stateless DHCPv6 Client (Step 2)

    Enable automatic IPv6 address configuration using the command ipv6 address autoconfig.

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    Stateful DHCPv6 Server

    A DHCPv6 server that maintains a database of assigned IPv6 addresses and their corresponding client information. It provides a more secure and efficient allocation of IP addresses by tracking the state of each client's IP address.

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    DHCPv6 Relay Agent

    A router that forwards DHCPv6 messages between clients on a network and a DHCPv6 server located on a different network. It acts as a middleman, translating between the client's requests and the server's responses.

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    Verify Stateful DHCPv6

    Checking if the DHCPv6 server is correctly configured and functioning. It involves inspecting the server's configuration, the allocated addresses, and the clients' IP addresses.

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    Show ipv6 dhcp pool

    A command used to display the configuration of a DHCPv6 pool, which specifies the range of IP addresses available for allocation.

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    Show ipv6 dhcp binding

    A command used to show the current DHCPv6 bindings, which detail the assigned IPv6 addresses and their associated client information.

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    Show ipv6 interface

    A command used to verify the configuration and status of IPv6 interfaces, including DHCPv6 settings.

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    Debug ipv6 dhcp detail

    A command used to enable detailed debugging of DHCPv6 messages, providing a deeper insight into the communication between clients and the server.

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    Troubleshooting DHCPv6

    The process of identifying and resolving issues related to DHCPv6, such as incorrect configuration, network problems, or server failures.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 5: Switch Configuration

    • The chapter covers configuring basic switch settings to meet network requirements.
    • Configuring initial settings on a Cisco switch is included.
    • Configuring switch ports to meet network needs is detailed.
    • Switch security best practices for a small to medium sized business network.
    • Management virtual interfaces on a switch are explained.
    • Port security features for restricting network access.

    Switch Boot Sequence

    • Power-on self-test (POST) is a program in ROM, used to check hardware (CPU, RAM).
    • The boot loader, also in ROM, initializes CPU parts, flash file system, and locates IOS image.
    • IOS image location is defined by the BOOT environment variable.
    • If BOOT variable isn't set, the switch searches flash for an executable image to load.
    • If no executable image is found, the switch displays a prompt and allows commands for operating system files.
    • If IOS loads, switch interfaces and commands in startup-config file load.
    • The startup-config file is in NVRAM.
    • The boot system command sets the BOOT environment variable.

    Switch LED Indicators

    • System LED indicates switch power status.
    • Port LEDs represent link status.
    • Off: no link or shutdown.
    • Green: link present.
    • Blinking green: data activity.
    • Alternating green and amber: link fault.
    • Amber: port not sending data (typical for first 30 seconds of connectivity).
    • Blinking amber: port is preventing switch loop.

    Preparing for Basic Switch Management

    • To configure a switch for remote access, the switch needs an IP address, subnet mask, and a gateway.
    • One virtual interface (SVI): used to manage the switch.
      • Assigns a switch IP address
    • Management VLAN is usually VLAN 1.

    Configuring Basic Switch Management Access with IPv4

    • Global configuration mode is entered.
    • Interface configuration mode for SVI (VLAN 99) is entered.
    • Management interface IP address is configured(172.17.99.11 255.255.255.0).
    • Management interface is enabled (no shutdown).
    • Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
    • Default gateway for the switch is configured(172.17.99.1).
    • Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
    • Running configuration saved to startup configuration.

    Configure Switch Ports

    • Gigabit and 10Gb Ethernet NICs need full-duplex connections to function.
    • Full-duplex communication is bidirectional (send and receive simultaneously).
    • Half-duplex communication is unidirectional (send or receive).
    • Some switches have auto settings for duplex and speed, which can cause issues if mismatched.
    • Check duplex and speed settings by using the show interface interface_id command.
    • All fiber ports operate at one speed and are always full-duplex .
    • Switch ports configured to use auto-MDIX for automatic crossover configuration.

    Verifying Switch Port Configuration

    • Commands for checking interface status and configuration:
      • show interfaces (interface-id)
      • show startup-config
      • show running-config
      • show flash
      • show version
      • show history
      • show ip (interface-id)
      • show mac-address-table
      • show mac address-table

    Network Access Layer Issues

    • Use the show interfaces command to find media problems.
    • The first parameter checks the physical layer (Layer 1) for a carrier detect signal.
    • The second parameter checks the data link layer (Layer 2) for correct protocol configuration and keepalives.

    Chapter Summary 5

    • Configure basic switch settings to meet network requirements.
    • Configure a switch using security best practices in a small to medium-sized business network.

    Chapter 8: DHCP

    • Chapter discusses implementing and troubleshooting DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 across multiple LANs in a small or medium sized business network.
    • DHCPv4 operation, configuration and troubleshooting details are covered.
    • DHCPv6 operation, configuration and troubleshooting details are covered.

    DHCPv4 Operation

    • DHCPv4 dynamically assigns IPv4 addresses and other configuration information.
    • A dedicated DHCPv4 server is efficient for managing IP addresses.
    • Cisco routers can act as DHCPv4 servers.
    • Four-step process for a client to obtain a lease:
      1. DHCP Discover (DHCPDISCOVER)
      2. DHCP Offer (DHCPOFFER)
      3. DHCP Request (DHCPREQUEST)
      4. DHCP Acknowledgment (DHCPACK)
    
- The DHCPv4 message format has specific codes and fields.



### DHCPv6 Configuration and verification

 - Includes SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration)
 - Covers how to configure and verify DHCPv6 configurations on a router as both a client and a server.



### Switch Port Security

- Port security limits valid MAC addresses allowed on ports.
- Security violation occurs if an unknown MAC address sends data to a port.
- Static security MAC addresses are configured manually.
- Dynamic security MAC address learning occurs and is removed after a reboot.
- Sticky security MAC address learning is dynamic, persists across restarts and is configurable in switchport-security mac-address sticky.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 5: Switch Configuration PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers Chapter 5 on configuring basic switch settings for network requirements, focusing on both initial settings and security practices. It also delves into the switch boot sequence, detailing the steps from power-on self-test to loading the IOS image. Enhance your networking knowledge by testing your understanding of switch operations and configurations.

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