CC200 Final Exam Review

The idea that women's biological differences, like their need for love, make them more susceptible to delinquency. They use their sexuality to fulfill other needs.

The belief that women's biology, including their lack of a penis and menstruation, makes them more prone to deceit and manipulation, playing a role in criminal behavior.

A school of thought that posits biological factors, such as physical characteristics, influence criminal behavior.

The idea that women's criminal behavior is suppressed due to their innate femininity and nurturing nature.

Criminal women are either born with masculine traits or develop them over time, leading them to criminal behavior.

A condition, person, or group is portrayed as a threat to societal values and interests, often exaggerated and stereotyped by the media.

A group or person targeted as the source of societal problems or moral decline.

The process of amplifying the perceived threat of a folk devil through media coverage and public attention.

Moral panics often occur during periods of significant societal changes, as people try to make sense of the new reality.

Stereotypes about race, especially those portraying non-white youth as a danger to white society, often fuel moral panics.

Sentences for youth offenders should not be harsher than penalties for adults committing the same crime in similar situations.

Sentences for youth offenders should be comparable to those given to other youth who committed similar crimes in the same region.

The severity of a youth sentence should match the seriousness of the crime and the young person's role in it.

When sentencing youth, consider alternatives to detention, especially for Indigenous youth.

The goal of youth sentences is to be the least restrictive option while still achieving rehabilitation, reintegration, and personal responsibility.

A pattern of persistent violent behavior, with elements like repeated violence, inability to control violent urges, weapon usage, explicit threats, brutality, and indifference to potential consequences.

Evidence suggesting a young person's physical or mental illness or disorder makes them likely to commit a serious violent offense before their current youth sentence ends.

Reliable information indicating the young person plans to commit a serious violent offense before their current youth sentence expires.

Availability of community supervision programs that offer adequate protection from the young person's potential violent behavior.

Assessing whether the young person is more likely to reoffend if their youth sentence is served entirely in custody, compared to serving a part in the community under supervision.

Evidence showing the young person committed violent offenses while under community supervision during a previous youth sentence.

An alternative Aboriginal method of resolving criminal conflicts based on healing and restoration.

A sentence that outlines how the youth criminal justice system must be separate from the adult system.

A type of sentencing option for young offenders where they are supervised in the community for a set period of time, usually two years.

Conditions that are always included in a probation order, regardless of the crime committed. They aim to ensure the youth's good behaviour and cooperation with the court.

Additional conditions placed on a probation order that are tailored to the specific youth and crime committed. These conditions may include restrictions on associating with certain people, going to certain places, or using drugs and alcohol.

The practice of sending young offenders to boot camps, mainly in the United States, with the goal of improving their behavior. However, they are often criticized for their high recidivism rates and lack of long-term impact.

The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend after their initial sentence.

A type of sentence where the young offender is placed under house arrest and monitored by probation officers.

A type of sentencing option that involves sending the young offender to a treatment facility for a specific period.

Diversionary measures are informal steps used to address youth offenses without court involvement. They involve warnings, cautions, or restorative justice programs. They're designed for non-violent offences and first-time offenders, aiming to steer youth away from the formal justice system.

Restorative Justice involves bringing together the offender, victim, and community to address the harm caused by the offense. It focuses on repairing the damage and building understanding, rather than simply punishment.

Extrajudicial Sanctions (ES) are more formal programs that youth offenders complete outside of the court. These programs may involve community service, compensation, specialized programs (like anger management), or volunteer work.

The process of extrajudicial sanctions starts with a professional agency working with the youth offender. They develop a plan to address the offense and help the youth rehabilitate. If the youth fulfills the requirements, further legal action may be avoided.

Eligibility for Extrajudicial Sanctions depends on the nature of the offense. Serious offenses or youth with a high risk of re-offending are typically not eligible. This helps ensure that the program is appropriate for less serious offenses and first-time offenders.

One of the underlying philosophies behind Extrajudicial Sanctions is that youth offending can be linked to other issues, like emotional or behavioral problems. Therefore, counseling or treatment may be included in the program to address these underlying factors.

A two-year rule applies to Extrajudicial Sanctions records. After two years from the date the youth agreed to the sanctions, the records are destroyed. This helps promote second chances and reduces the long-term impact of the offense on the youth's future.

Police culture and practices can significantly influence how they interact with young offenders. Factors like officer training, community relations, and understanding of youth development can shape their response to youth crime.