CC 100 - Final Exam Review

The Systematic Exclusion of Women from Visibility

• The systematic exclusion of women from visibility across societal structures can be understood as the concept of invisibility.

Organized Crime

• Organized crime often involves hierarchical structures, ensuring its members are typically organized and disciplined, while utilizing violence and intimidation to maintain power and control.

Theories of Women's Criminal Behavior

• One prominent theory that examines the social structures contributing to women's criminal behavior is feminist criminology. 

Deception and Financial Crime

• Fraud embodies a type of financial crime where investors are deceitfully targeted for financial gain.

Victimology

• Victimology focuses on examining the factors leading to victimization and how individuals or communities are affected by crime.

Over-Representation of Indigenous Women in the Justice System  

• The National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls report, commonly referred to as the MMIWG report, directly addresses the over-representation of Indigenous women in Canada's justice system.

Characteristics of Organized Crime

• Ideological uniformity, while present in some other groups, is not typically a defining characteristic of organized crime groups.

Feminist Criminology and Critique of Mainstream Theories

• Feminist criminology offers a critique of mainstream criminological theories by putting emphasis on the impact of social inequality and gender in shaping criminal behavior.

Examining the Historical Invisibility of Women

• The concept of invisibility delves into the social structures that historically contributed to the systematic exclusion of women from societal visibility.

Addressing Structural Issues Faced by Indigenous Women

• The MMIWG report investigates the structural issues faced by Indigenous women in the justice system, highlighting key areas related to discrimination, systemic racism, and inadequate support systems.

Critiquing Mainstream Theories from a Societal Structure Perspective

• Feminist criminology, through the lens of social structures, criticizes traditional explanations of crime, emphasizing that women's criminal behavior is often shaped by societal inequalities.

Corporate Crime and Deception

• Corporate crime usually involves a breach of trust through deceptive financial practices, often committed within corporate environments.

Racial Discrimination in Policing

• Racial profiling exemplifies the increased likelihood of discrimination against racial minorities during police practices.

Demographics in Victimization Statistics

• The victimization survey focuses on the over-representation of specific demographic groups within victimization statistics.

Organized Crime Framework

• The patron-client model is one representation of the organized crime framework, centered on personal connections and social networks, emphasizing the importance of relationships within these groups.

Criminalization of Consensual Activities

• Victimless crimes relate to criminal activities deemed illegal despite being consensual.

Deceptive Investment Schemes

• Ponzi schemes represent a type of financial scheme involving deceptive promises of exceptionally high investment returns without legitimate business operations.

Violence Against Women

• Domestic violence is a type of crime characterized by violence against women, often tied to control and dominance.