Types of Crimes: Hate, Corporate, and Organized Crime

10-24

39.1%

Unemployment or low-paid jobs

<p>The majority of convicted offenders are drawn from the working classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crimes involving violence, theft from property, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fraud, embezzlement, and so forth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are willing to take chances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hate crimes are motivated by biases based on race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnic or national origin, and disability, distinguishing them from other forms of crime that are driven by financial gain or personal gratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporate crimes are committed by corporations or individuals acting on their behalf, and they often have more severe consequences for society due to their broader impact on the economy and public trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organised crime involves criminal groups that provide illegal goods and services, often using legitimate business models and facilitated by information technology, which enables them to operate more efficiently and anonymously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White-collar crime refers to crimes committed by individuals of high social standing, such as embezzlement and insider trading, and is often more consequential for society due to its financial impact and the difficulty of prosecuting these crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complexities of white-collar crimes, including complex financial transactions and concealment tactics, make them difficult to prosecute, and the perpetrators often have the resources to hire skilled legal teams to defend themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These crimes often involve sophisticated criminals, complex financial transactions, and concealment tactics, distinguishing them from traditional crimes, which are often driven by personal gratification or financial gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sutherland's definition of white-collar crime highlights the role of social status and occupation in criminal behavior, and has broadened our understanding of crime to include offenses committed by individuals of high social standing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anomie theory refers to a societal condition where people feel blocked from achieving socially defined goals of success through approved means, resulting in feelings of frustration and disillusionment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strain theory builds upon Durkheim's ideas by suggesting that society holds out universal goals of material success, but does not provide equal access to legitimate means to attain this success, resulting in strain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consequences of strain can be resolved in one of several ways, including conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conformity refers to the mode of adaptation where individuals accept legitimate goals set by society and have access to approved means to achieve them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying assumption is that society does not provide equal access to legitimate means to achieve success, resulting in strain and deviance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Material success refers to the universal goals of success held out by society, such as owning a car or house, which are often associated with wealth and status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anomie theory focuses on the societal condition of anomie, while Strain theory builds upon anomie to explore the individual's response to the gap between societal goals and available means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>how and why certain acts are defined as deviant and how and why certain individuals are labeled deviant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it may lead to secondary deviance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it allows for the analysis of the correlation between different types of crimes committed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>because these crimes are often linked to other breaches of the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to provide information that will assist in defining and implementing strategies for behavior modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it shifts the focus from why people engage in deviant acts to how and why certain acts are defined as deviant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it suggests that labeling can lead to further deviant behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limitations include lack of reporting, particularly for crimes within the home, and lack of standards for data collection and retrieval. Addressing these limitations requires improving reporting mechanisms and establishing standards for data collection and retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organized crime and drug trafficking have a debilitating effect on the country, exacerbating crime and violence. Mitigation strategies include addressing poverty and unemployment, and strengthening governance in inner-city communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of governance creates a vacuum, allowing organized criminal leaders and drug traffickers to establish an alternative system of local governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jamaica has the highest homicide rate in the world, with a rate of 30 per 100,000 population annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High unemployment and widespread poverty contribute to the proliferation of crime, as individuals may turn to criminal activity as a means of survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Police Statistics Unit is responsible for collecting and publishing crime statistics, but their data is limited by the lack of reporting and standards for data collection and retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parties can dissociate themselves from criminal elements by strengthening governance and addressing poverty and unemployment, which will help to reduce crime and improve public safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crime has a debilitating effect on the country, exacerbating poverty and undermining development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government can improve the collection and retrieval of crime data by establishing standards for data collection and retrieval, and by transitioning to an electronic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The UNODC report highlights the high crime rates in Jamaica, and the need for effective policy and practice to address the root causes of crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sociological concept of deviance is that it is created by society through its reaction to certain actions, rather than by the actions themselves. This concept differs from the common understanding of deviance, which is often limited to moral, religious, or political norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Society's reaction to certain actions creates the boundaries between what is and what is not deviant by defining the norms and expectations that are considered acceptable. This reaction can lead to the labeling of certain behaviors as deviant, which in turn reinforces the social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviance is essential in defining the confines of our shared reality because it highlights the boundaries of what is considered acceptable behavior. This, in turn, helps to maintain social order and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of deviance is closely related to the idea of nonconformity to social norms or expectations. Deviance occurs when individuals or groups fail to conform to these norms, resulting in behaviors that are considered unacceptable or deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing deviance as a broader concept that encompasses various forms of nonconformity is significant because it allows us to understand the complexities of human behavior and the many ways in which individuals and groups can deviate from social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of deviance challenges the idea that there is a clear distinction between 'normal' and 'deviant' behavior by highlighting the social and cultural context in which norms are created and enforced. This challenges the idea that there is a universal or objective standard of 'normal' behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviance and social norms are closely intertwined, with deviance occurring when individuals or groups fail to conform to social norms. Social norms, in turn, are shaped by the reactions of society to certain behaviors, which can lead to the labeling of certain behaviors as deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of deviance highlights the role of power and social control in shaping our understanding of what is acceptable behavior by revealing how certain groups or individuals have the power to define and enforce norms, and to label certain behaviors as deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norms set boundaries for acceptable behavior and define behavior that transgresses these boundaries, which encourages conformity and is enforced by agents of Social Control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reasons include Fear, Confidence, Trauma, Personal Services, Ignorance, and Minor Objectives. Under-reporting can lead to inaccurate crime statistics and a lack of understanding of the true extent of crime in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People's views shape norms, which define what is acceptable and what is not, and thus influence what is considered deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crime transgresses the boundaries set by norms, and the agents of Social Control enforce conformity to these norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviance refers to behavior that transgresses the norms set by a society, and is enforced by agents of Social Control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consequences can include emotional trauma, financial loss, and a sense of vulnerability. This can lead to a breakdown of trust in society and its institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They all engage in behavior that is not seen as normal in their society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crime rates and statistics inform the agents of Social Control, enabling them to identify areas of concern and develop strategies to maintain conformity to norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because deviance is judged from the perspective of the norms of a particular social group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relevance of audience, situation, and time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the social distribution of crime informs the agents of Social Control, enabling them to target their efforts to maintain conformity to norms and reduce crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cultural background can shape the norms and expectations that influence how the individual's actions are perceived.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The situational context is as important as the act itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normative expectations change over time, and what is considered deviant can shift accordingly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People will be perceived differently according to their social characteristics, which can influence how their actions are labeled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The judgment of what is good or bad depends on those who observe and evaluate the act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control individuals through the reactions of others to their perceived behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To induce conformity through the threat of institutionalized punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bring about conformity, solidarity, and continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive sanctions involve ego-bolstering or manipulating minds, while negative sanctions involve derision or the threat of physical or emotional pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sanction becomes a norm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the threat of ridicule, hostility, ostracism, or other informal actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep individuals in line with social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviance and non-conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social and cultural factors that contribute to aggression, violence and criminal tendencies within the society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make it gender neutral to address the growing problem being experienced by males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop a standard classification for crime statistics, guidelines for collection and analysis of crime statistics, and guidelines for conduct and analysis of victimisation surveys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bring order and maintain standards and discipline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has greatly influenced the way of life and socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for monitoring over a specific period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address poverty reduction in the same way that the MDGs were developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address the growing problem of gender issues contributing to aggression, violence and criminal tendencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers