Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary intention behind the formation of La Liga Filipina?
What was the primary intention behind the formation of La Liga Filipina?
- To peacefully advocate for reforms (correct)
- To search for foreign allies in the revolution
- To promote violent rebellion against the Spaniards
- To establish a new government
Which of the following crimes was Jose Rizal NOT charged with during his time?
Which of the following crimes was Jose Rizal NOT charged with during his time?
- Sedition
- Terrorism (correct)
- Rebellion
- Conspiracy
Who were considered the leaders within the Cuerpo de compromisarios?
Who were considered the leaders within the Cuerpo de compromisarios?
- Members of the clergy pushing for violence
- Educated Filipinos advocating for conservative reform (correct)
- Foreign diplomats with no local ties
- Uneducated Filipinos seeking chaos
What event is associated with the phrase 'cry for pugadlawin'?
What event is associated with the phrase 'cry for pugadlawin'?
Which individual led the Katipunan and was a key figure in the revolutionary movement?
Which individual led the Katipunan and was a key figure in the revolutionary movement?
Who is recognized as the founder of the Propaganda Movement?
Who is recognized as the founder of the Propaganda Movement?
What was the primary goal of the La Liga Filipina?
What was the primary goal of the La Liga Filipina?
Which of these individuals is known as the 'brain of the Katipunan'?
Which of these individuals is known as the 'brain of the Katipunan'?
What newspaper was issued by the civic organization La Solidaridad?
What newspaper was issued by the civic organization La Solidaridad?
Which of the following members was NOT part of the civic organization Katipuneras?
Which of the following members was NOT part of the civic organization Katipuneras?
What did Andres Bonifacio primarily encourage his followers to do?
What did Andres Bonifacio primarily encourage his followers to do?
Which event involved Apolonio dela Cruz and Teodoro Patino?
Which event involved Apolonio dela Cruz and Teodoro Patino?
Which of the following was a critical aspect of the Propaganda Movement?
Which of the following was a critical aspect of the Propaganda Movement?
Who was the most liberated general in the Philippines during 1869-1871?
Who was the most liberated general in the Philippines during 1869-1871?
What was the main goal of secular priests in the context of Philippine history?
What was the main goal of secular priests in the context of Philippine history?
Which of the following individuals continued the efforts of Pedro Pelaez for secularization?
Which of the following individuals continued the efforts of Pedro Pelaez for secularization?
What was one reason for the defeat of the rebels in Cavite?
What was one reason for the defeat of the rebels in Cavite?
Who were referred to as 'indios' during the Spanish colonial period?
Who were referred to as 'indios' during the Spanish colonial period?
Which literary work was inspired by the Gomburza and authored by Jose Rizal?
Which literary work was inspired by the Gomburza and authored by Jose Rizal?
What practice did Rafael De Izquedero reinstate between 1871 and 1873?
What practice did Rafael De Izquedero reinstate between 1871 and 1873?
Who were the 'peninsulares'?
Who were the 'peninsulares'?
What was one of the primary grievances that Gomburza had against the Spanish authorities?
What was one of the primary grievances that Gomburza had against the Spanish authorities?
What was the significance of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?
What was the significance of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?
Who signed the court decision for Rizal's execution?
Who signed the court decision for Rizal's execution?
What did Rizal do with his remaining possessions before his execution?
What did Rizal do with his remaining possessions before his execution?
Where did Rizal die?
Where did Rizal die?
What did the retraction document signify about Rizal's views on the Catholic Church?
What did the retraction document signify about Rizal's views on the Catholic Church?
Which book is NOT mentioned among Rizal's possessions?
Which book is NOT mentioned among Rizal's possessions?
What was one of the Masonic principles associated with Rizal?
What was one of the Masonic principles associated with Rizal?
Who was the individual that claimed Rizal retracted before his execution?
Who was the individual that claimed Rizal retracted before his execution?
What notable influence did the Spanish Masons have on Rizal before he arrived in Spain?
What notable influence did the Spanish Masons have on Rizal before he arrived in Spain?
What was one of the reasons Jose Rizal argued he could not be guilty of rebellion?
What was one of the reasons Jose Rizal argued he could not be guilty of rebellion?
How did Rizal's actions contradict claims of his involvement with revolutionaries?
How did Rizal's actions contradict claims of his involvement with revolutionaries?
What was La Liga Filipina according to Rizal's arguments?
What was La Liga Filipina according to Rizal's arguments?
What claim about his life in Dapitan did Rizal assert?
What claim about his life in Dapitan did Rizal assert?
What was the La Liga Filipina's impact according to Rizal?
What was the La Liga Filipina's impact according to Rizal?
What misconception about a speech did Rizal aim to correct?
What misconception about a speech did Rizal aim to correct?
What was a consequence of Rizal being a Mason in 1883?
What was a consequence of Rizal being a Mason in 1883?
What did Rizal argue about the KKK?
What did Rizal argue about the KKK?
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Study Notes
Cavite Mutiny of 1872
- Key driver for change and reason for celebration of Araw ng mga Bayani
- Maria Carlos Dela Torre (1869-1871) - most liberated General in the Philippines, removed the Polo y servicio (forced labor) and Tributo (tax)
- Rafael De Izquedero (1871-1873) - returned the Polo y Servicio and Tributo
- Cavite Arsenals - Filipino workers, soldiers, and creoles planned a rebellion led by Sergeant la Madrid
- First attack on San Felipe Cavite, followed by an attack on San Roque
- Manila's modernized armed forces were requested for backup but joined a fiesta in Sampalok, leading to the defeat of the rebellions.
Secularization
- Regular priest - Friars with power and wealth
- Secular priest - aimed to have their own church, lacked education and experience, were Brown skinned
- Pedro Pelaez - helped secular priests with secularization, died due to an earthquake, Gomburza continued his efforts
- El Filibusterismo - inspired by Gomburza, a novel about greed and corruption, written by Jose Rizal
- Paciano Rizal - Brother of Jose Rizal and friend of Jose Burgos
- Peninsulares (pure-blooded Spaniards born in Spain) - were ranked above Insulares (Spanish born in the Philippines), Principalia (foreign settlers), and Indios (natives, considered slaves in the Spanish colonial period)
Gomburza
- Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were hated by Spanish authorities for fighting for equal rights
- They campaigned against the Spanish friars.
Civic Organizations
- La Solidaridad (1888) - Filipino liberals in exile in Spain, promoted awareness of the needs of the Philippines, published a newspaper, and focused on social, cultural, and economic conditions
- Galicano (cousin of Rizal) - promoted awareness of the needs of the Philippines
- Propaganda Movement - aimed for peaceful reforms and the transition of the Philippines from colony to province
- Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Marcelo H. del Pilar were key figures in the Propaganda Movement
- La Liga Filipina - Rizal reunited members of the organization to reform the Philippines, a detailed plan for the Philippines' future
- Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in 1892, La Liga Filipina declined
Katipunan
- Gregoria de Jesus - a key figure in the Katipunan
- Benita Rodriguez, Josefa and Trinidad - were also involved
- Jose Rizal was an inspiration and a main member
- Andres Bonifacio - Father of Katipunan
- Emilio Jacinto - Brain of Katipunan
- Apolinario Mabini - Brain of the revolution
- Apolonio dela Cruz and Teodoro Patino clashed in August 19, 1896
- Juez de cuchillo - demanded total annihilation of Indios
- Andres Bonifacio demanded his men to fight
- Tearing of cedula - a sign of defiance against the Spanish
- Cry of Pugadlawin - a call for revolution in Pugadlawin
Rizal’s Death
- Governor General Camilo de Polavieja signed Rizal’s execution order on December 28, 1898
- On December 29, 1898, Rizal gave away his possessions
- Rizal was executed by firing squad on December 30, 1898, at 7 am in Bagumbayan
- Rizal left behind MI ULTIMO ADIOS, books signed by Rizal, and a letter to his family.
Rizal’s Retraction
- A document claims Rizal withdrew all his writings against the Catholic Church (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo)
- Accounts differ on the authenticity of the retraction document.
Rizal as a Mason
- Rizal joined Masonic Lodges in France and Germany
- Rizal was excommunicated from the Catholic Church in 1883 for being a Mason.
- Masonic principles were seen as positive influences in Rizal's ideology.
12 Arguments of Rizal
- Rizal was not guilty of rebellion and did not correspond with revolutionaries
- He did not know his name was used in the rebellion
- He could have escaped if he was involved, yet chose to build a home and hospital in Dapitan
- He did not advise revolutionaries
- La Liga Filipina was a civic organization
- La Liga Filipina did not live long
- KKK was formed after his exile
- La Liga Filipina did not serve the purpose of the revolutionaries
- Rizal's letter was based on his feelings about their treatment
- His life in Dapitan was exemplary
- The revolution was not inspired by his speech.
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