Cautions in Psychological Science

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of basic research?

To conduct ethical reviews

To test theoretical predictions

To enhance general knowledge (correct)

To solve real-world problems

Which type of research focuses on solving a specific real-world problem?

Basic research

Translational research

Experimental research

Applied research (correct)

What is one defining feature of translational research?

It aims solely at enhancing theoretical knowledge.

It strictly adheres to theoretical frameworks.

It focuses only on laboratory studies.

It connects basic and applied research. (correct)

In evaluating media claims, what does 'transparency' refer to?

The clarity of the claim's purpose Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of media claims assesses whether the sample studied is representative of the larger population?

External validity Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'construct validity' examine in a research study?

Whether variables are measured accurately Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT included in the framework for evaluating media claims?

Motivation Signup and view all the answers

In terms of research responsibility, what does 'justice' consider?

Inclusion and exclusion criteria Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym W.E.I.R.D. stand for in psychological research?

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles is included in the Indigenous values framework for research?

Reciprocity for mutual benefit of research findings Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant caution regarding psychological science mentioned in the content?

Focus on W.E.I.R.D. populations which limits external validity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Two-Eyed Seeing' in research?

Integrating Indigenous and Western ways of knowing collaboratively Signup and view all the answers

What does the field of psychology seek to understand?

Behavior and the mind through scientific enquiry Signup and view all the answers

What is one anticipated benefit of participating in research as suggested in the content?

Profound understanding of behavior and mental processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ethical principles does psychological science historically struggle with?

Avoiding ethical abuses in research practices Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of research does 'external validity' pertain to?

The degree to which research findings can be generalized to broader populations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cautions About Psychological Science

Psychological research has historically focused on "W.E.I.R.D." populations: Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic.
This focus has neglected non-Western ways of knowing.
External validity in research is limited by the participants and contexts in which data is collected.
Psychological science has a history of ethical abuses.
Indigenous values framework for research emphasizes:
- Reciprocity to ensure mutual benefit from research findings.
- Responsibility to work in partnership with communities and foster honest, responsible, and ethical relationships.
- Relevance across diverse populations, cultures, and languages.
- Respect for individual autonomy, rights, dignity, and agency.
"Two-Eyed Seeing" is a framework for integrating Indigenous and Western ways of knowing.

Finding Your Place In Science

Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and the mind.
Research can be applied to enhance personal life in a variety of ways:
- Understanding personal behaviour and motivations.
- Applying research findings to solve practical problems.
- Contributing to the advancement of knowledge.

Models of Scientific Research

There are two models for scientific research:
- Researcher: Plan, conduct, and publish research studies.
- Consumer: Read, critically evaluate, and use research findings.

Types of Research

Basic research: Aims to enhance general knowledge and understanding.
Applied research: Focuses on solving real-world problems.
Translational research: Bridges basic and applied research by using a theory-driven approach to solve real-world problems.

Evaluating Media Claims

Media is filled with research claims.
A framework for evaluating media claims includes:
- Purpose: What is the claim about and why is it important?
- Method: Is the research approach sound?
- Evidence: Does the evidence support the claim?
- Transparency: Were ethical reviews conducted? Were societal standards upheld?
  - Population: Who is the claim about? In what conditions?
  - Sample: Who is being studied? In what context?
  - External validity: Is the sample generalizable?
  - Justice: Who is included versus excluded? Why?
  - Constructs: What are the concepts of interest?
  - Variables: What is being measured or manipulated?
  - Construct validity: Were the constructs measured or manipulated well?
  - Concern: What are the benefits versus harms?
  - Causality: How are the constructs causally related?
  - Design: How is causality being examined?
  - Internal validity: Can the design establish causality?
  - Respect: Were participants informed and consented? Did they maintain freedom and agency?
- Hypothesis: What outcome would support the claim?
- Results: What size of effect was detected?
- Statistical validity: Do the data support the conclusions?
- Integrity: Were ethical guidelines followed?

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Description

Explore important cautions in psychological science that challenge its historical biases and ethical issues. This quiz covers the limitations of WEIRD populations, the value of Indigenous frameworks, and the need for more inclusive research practices. Understanding these concepts can lead to better partnerships in psychological research.