Causes of Undernutrition

• inadequate ingestion of nutrients
• malabsorption and loss of nutrients due to diarrhoea
• impaired metabolism
• increased nutrient requirements

• increased demand for energy and nutrients for growth
• vitamin K deficiency - vitamin K doesn't cross the placenta
• breast fed babies are at risk of vitamin D and B12 deficiency
• protein energy undernutrition
• underfed children are at risk of protein-energy undernutrition

• for pregnant and breastfeeding women nutritional requirements increase
• aberrations of diet causing women to eat substances of no nutritional value
• common deficiencies include iron, folate, it. D

<ul> <li>sarcopenia due to reduced growth hormone</li> <li>increased inflammation and anorexia</li> <li>increased CCK and leptin levels alteration of taste and smell can alter reward pathways decreasing apetite</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>depression, apathy and anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>loss of muscle, hypoxic responses, liver fatty change, necrosis, fibrosis, loss of strength, loss of renal function and decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>increased risk of infection, hypothermia, impaired gut integrity and immunity and impaired wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a deficit due to lack of all macronutrients and many micronutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the use of protien as a source of energy leading to the destruction of muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the bodies demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance and specific functions</p> Signup and view all the answers