Undernutrition: A Global Health Concern
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated number of people who are chronically undernourished worldwide?

  • 1.5 billion
  • 500 million
  • 800 million (correct)
  • 1 billion

    • Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to chronic undernutrition?

  • Overconsumption of calories (correct)
  • Civil unrest
  • Poverty
  • Lack of access to nutritious food

    • What is a consequence of consuming unclean water?

  • Obesity
  • Malnutrition
  • Heart disease
  • Diarrhea and serious infectious diseases (correct)

    • Which region is most affected by the AIDS epidemic, leading to poverty and chronic undernutrition?

    <p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of deaths per year due to consuming unclean water?

    <p>485,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that occurs when a person’s long-term energy and nutrient intakes are insufficient to meet his or her needs?

    <p>Chronic undernutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of chronic undernutrition?

    <p>Being underweight and often hungry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world’s population is chronically undernourished?

    <p>11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin A in the body?

    <p>To protect against infectious diseases and support immune system function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries?

    <p>Blindness among young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are undernourished children more susceptible to measles?

    <p>Because they have weaker immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the US population was living at or below the poverty guideline in 2019?

    <p>10.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of US households experienced food insecurity in 2019?

    <p>10.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Americans may experience food insecurity due to fixed incomes?

    <p>Older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of food pantries and 'soup kitchens'?

    <p>To feed food-insecure individuals and families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of deaths of children under 5 years of age is contributed by undernutrition?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common health problem faced by low-birth-weight (LBW) newborns?

    <p>Serious health problems that increase their risk of dying during their first year of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the federal program that provides food assistance to low-income individuals and families?

    <p>Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food does the Commodity Distribution Program provide to eligible individuals?

    <p>USDA surplus foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is breast milk considered the best food for infants?

    <p>It is sanitary and nutritionally adequate, and provides babies with immunity to some infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the website that provides information on federal food assistance programs?

    <p><a href="http://www.nutrition.gov">www.nutrition.gov</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended period of exclusive breastfeeding?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of children under 5 years of age who die each year due to inadequate breastfeeding?

    <p>820,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of undernutrition on the physical growth of preschool children?

    <p>Delayed growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of undernutrition on the intellectual development of preschool children?

    <p>Impaired intellectual development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of children under 5 years of age who were stunted in 2018?

    <p>149 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of maternal undernutrition on infant birth weight?

    <p>Low birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do poor parents in developing countries often dilute infant formula with water?

    <p>To decrease the cost of the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program provides nutritious congregate and home-delivered meals to individuals aged 60 or older?

    <p>Nutrition Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the World Food Program (WFP) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)?

    <p>To provide nutrient-dense food for undernourished populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the energy- and nutrient-dense paste made from a mixture of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, sugar, vitamins, and minerals?

    <p>Plumpy’Nut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of biotechnology in agriculture?

    <p>To develop crops with more beneficial characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bioengineered form of Atlantic salmon approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?

    <p>AquAdvantage Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Law?

    <p>To require a national standard for identifying foods that are bioengineered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program provides checks or vouchers to purchase nutritious foods for low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women, new mothers, and children under 5 years of age?

    <p>Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations?

    <p>To distribute monthly food packages to low-income American Indian or non-Indian households on reservations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of bioengineering crops?

    <p>To improve the nutritional quality of crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in relation to food?

    <p>To reduce hunger and malnutrition in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term commonly referred to a bioengineered food?

    <p>Bioengineered food (BE food)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what year must food manufacturers use an approved method to identify a BE food?

    <p>2022</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to conventional farming methods?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth’s land is used for food production?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of sustainable agriculture?

    <p>To increase crop yields on existing farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of biotechnological advances in agriculture?

    <p>Improving crop yields and modifying nutritional content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method to reduce the number of undernourished people in the world?

    <p>Eat less meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge facing farmers and ranchers who want to switch to sustainable agricultural methods?

    <p>Reducing their profit margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of irrigation systems in conventional farming?

    <p>Removal of fresh water from rivers and other natural sources at a faster rate than it is restored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the approved label icon for BE foods?

    <p>To identify a BE food or a food that contains BE ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of raising grass-fed beef?

    <p>Grains are spared for human consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way to reduce food waste?

    <p>Smaller portion sizes and better menu planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an efficient way to use natural resources and pesticides?

    <p>Using drip irrigation systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can governments do to support programs that reduce hunger?

    <p>Support programs that encourage breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do impoverished parents in poor countries often have many children?

    <p>They expect only a few to survive to adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term way to slow population growth?

    <p>Providing well-paying jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of reducing food waste?

    <p>More food available for human consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using natural resources efficiently?

    <p>Preserving the Earth's resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the major factors that contribute to chronic undernutrition in certain regions of Africa, South America, and Asia?

    <p>Poverty, civil unrest, wars, and lack of access to nutritious food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can contaminated drinking water affect the health of individuals in undernourished populations?

    <p>It can cause diarrhea and serious infectious diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, and polio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential long-term effects of undernutrition during infancy and childhood?

    <p>Stunted growth, impaired cognitive development, and increased susceptibility to diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of sustainable agriculture?

    <p>To improve the environment by reducing the negative impacts of conventional farming methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biotechnology in food production, and what is its main application?

    <p>Biotechnology is the use of biological systems to produce food. Its main application is to improve crop yields and disease resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the major federal food assistance programs in the United States, and who do they serve?

    <p>Programs such as SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) and WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) program serve low-income individuals and families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can undernutrition during pregnancy affect the health of the mother and her newborn offspring?

    <p>Undernutrition during pregnancy can lead to low birth weight, premature birth, and increased risk of maternal and infant mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern related to conventional farming methods, and how can sustainable agriculture address this concern?

    <p>The major concern is environmental degradation, and sustainable agriculture can address this by reducing pollution and conserving natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin A in the body?

    <p>Proper vision, growth, and immune system function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program?

    <p>To provide checks or vouchers to purchase nutritious foods for low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women, new mothers, and children under 5 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in relation to food?

    <p>To reduce hunger through food aid programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries?

    <p>As many as 500,000 cases of blindness among young children annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of bioengineering crops?

    <p>To grow more nutrient-rich crops and improve their flavor, resist pests, increase yields, and improve their immunity to plant diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are undernourished children more susceptible to measles?

    <p>Their immune systems do not function normally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of food pantries and 'soup kitchens'?

    <p>To feed food-insecure people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations?

    <p>To distribute monthly food packages to low-income American Indian or non-Indian households on reservations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the energy- and nutrient-dense paste made from a mixture of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, sugar, vitamins, and minerals?

    <p>Plumpy'Nut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the federal program that provides food assistance to low-income individuals and families?

    <p>Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of federal food assistance programs?

    <p>Protecting most American children from hunger and undernutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of biotechnology in agriculture?

    <p>To develop crops that have more beneficial characteristics than conventional crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common challenge faced by older adult Americans living on fixed incomes?

    <p>Choosing between purchasing nutritious food and buying life-extending medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Law?

    <p>To require a national standard for identifying foods that are bioengineered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bioengineered form of Atlantic salmon approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?

    <p>AquAdvantage Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of American households that experienced food insecurity in 2019?

    <p>10.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Commodity Distribution Program?

    <p>Distributing USDA surplus foods to eligible people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Nutrition Program?

    <p>To provide grants for sites to provide nutritious congregate and home-delivered meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of undernutrition during periods of rapid growth, such as pregnancy, infancy, and childhood?

    <p>The long-term effects can be devastating, and it contributes to 45% of deaths of children under 5 years of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of bioengineered animals in agriculture?

    <p>To improve the nutritional quality and yield of food animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the website that provides information on federal food assistance programs?

    <p><a href="http://www.nutrition.gov/subject/food-assistance-programs">www.nutrition.gov/subject/food-assistance-programs</a>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are undernourished mothers more likely to experience difficult labor and have low-birth-weight newborns?

    <p>Because maternal undernutrition can result in the birth of premature babies and low-birth-weight newborns who often suffer from serious health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is breast milk considered the best food for infants?

    <p>Because it is sanitary, nutritionally adequate, and provides babies with immunity to some infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of adding excessive amounts of water to infant formula in developing countries?

    <p>It dilutes the nutritional value of the formula and increases the likelihood of contaminating it with disease-causing microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of undernutrition on the physical growth and development of preschool children?

    <p>It can lead to delayed physical growth and development, stunting, and wasting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are chronically undernourished preschool children more susceptible to impaired intellectual development?

    <p>Because nutrient deficiencies can impair their intellectual development and affect their cognitive abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended period of exclusive breastfeeding?

    <p>At least 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of maternal undernutrition on the health of newborns?

    <p>It can result in the birth of low-birth-weight newborns who often suffer from serious health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is access to clean water important for reducing the risk of undernutrition?

    <p>Because lack of clean water contributes to the spread of potentially deadly infectious diseases, which can exacerbate undernutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of children who die each year due to inadequate breastfeeding?

    <p>At least 820,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between bioengineered foods (BE foods) and conventional foods?

    <p>BE foods contain genetic material that has been modified by certain scientific methods and are not found in nature or are not the result of conventional breeding techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the approved label icon for BE foods?

    <p>To identify a BE food or a food that contains BE ingredients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge facing farmers and ranchers who want to switch to sustainable agricultural methods?

    <p>Farming needs to be profitable for farmers and ranchers, so any switch from conventional to sustainable agricultural methods must not reduce their profit margins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of irrigation systems in conventional farming?

    <p>Irrigation systems remove fresh water from rivers and other natural sources at a faster rate than it is restored, reducing water flow to many communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of sustainable agriculture?

    <p>To meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources and harming the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of biotechnological advances in agriculture?

    <p>Increasing food production or modifying the nutritional content of foods to help reduce the number of undernourished people in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's land is used for food production?

    <p>About 40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommended methods to reduce the number of undernourished people in the world?

    <p>Rely more on nonchemical methods of pest management and eating less meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using drip irrigation systems in agriculture?

    <p>Conserving water by reducing evaporation and delivering water directly to the plant's base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to conventional farming methods?

    <p>They can harm the environment by releasing greenhouse gases, depleting water resources, and polluting waterways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what year must food manufacturers use an approved method to identify a BE food?

    <p>2022</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can impoverished parents in underdeveloped nations reduce their population growth?

    <p>By being financially secure, adequately nourished, and well-educated, they tend to have fewer, healthier children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way to reduce food waste, according to the provided text?

    <p>Having smaller portion sizes and better menu planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is raising grass-fed beef beneficial for human food consumption?

    <p>It spares grains for human consumption, as grass is not eaten by people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term solution to preserving the Earth's resources for future generations?

    <p>Population control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can governments do to support nutrition in underdeveloped nations?

    <p>Support programs that encourage breastfeeding and fortify locally grown or commonly consumed foods with vitamins and minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of providing food aid to impoverished people in the short run?

    <p>It keeps them from starving to death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way to improve food production and distribution in underdeveloped nations?

    <p>Families and small farmers need to learn new and more efficient methods of growing, processing, preserving, and distributing nutritious regionally produced foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Undernutrition: A Worldwide Concern

    • 800 million people (approximately 11% of the global population) are chronically undernourished
    • Undernutrition occurs when long-term energy and nutrient intakes are insufficient to meet an individual's needs
    • Factors contributing to undernutrition include:
      • Poverty
      • Civil unrest
      • Wars
      • Lack of access to nutritious food
      • Unfavorable weather conditions
      • Crop failures
      • Lack of clean cooking and drinking water
    • An estimated 485,000 people die each year from diarrheal diseases due to consuming unclean water

    Undernutrition During Periods of Growth

    • Undernutrition during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood can have devastating long-term effects
    • In 2018, an estimated 149 million children under 5 years old were stunted, and 49 million were severely underweight (wasted)
    • Undernutrition contributes to 45% of deaths of children under 5 years old
    • Maternal undernutrition can result in:
      • Difficult labor
      • Excessive bleeding after delivery
      • Premature births
      • Low-birth-weight newborns
      • Increased risk of mortality in newborns

    Undernutrition in the United States

    • Undernutrition also occurs in developed countries like the United States
    • People with low incomes have a higher risk of malnutrition
    • Food insecurity affects 10.5% of households in the United States
    • Federal food assistance programs, such as SNAP, WIC, and Child Nutrition Programs, can help protect American children from hunger and undernutrition

    Federal Food Assistance Programs in the United States

    • Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): provides electronic benefits for food purchases to low-income individuals and families
    • Commodity Distribution Program: distributes surplus foods to certain low-income groups, including pregnant women, preschool-age children, and the elderly
    • Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program: provides checks or vouchers for nutritious foods, nutrition education, and support for breastfeeding mothers
    • Child Nutrition Programs: provides subsidies for schools and child-care facilities to provide free or reduced-price meals and snacks

    Biotechnology in Food Production

    • Biotechnology involves the use of living things to manufacture new products
    • Bioengineered crops have beneficial characteristics, such as disease resistance, improved flavor, and enhanced nutrition
    • Bioengineered animals, like AquAdvantage Salmon, can grow faster and more efficiently
    • The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Law requires a national standard for identifying bioengineered foods

    Sustainable Agriculture

    • Sustainable agriculture involves farming methods that meet food demands without depleting natural resources or harming the environment
    • Conventional farming methods contribute to:
      • Water pollution
      • Soil erosion
      • Greenhouse gas emissions
      • Deforestation
    • Solutions include:
      • Improving crop yields on existing farms
      • Using nonchemical pest management methods
      • Eating less meat
      • Reducing food waste
      • Using natural resources and pesticides more efficiently

    Undernutrition: A Worldwide Concern

    • 800 million people (approximately 11% of the global population) are chronically undernourished
    • Undernutrition occurs when long-term energy and nutrient intakes are insufficient to meet an individual's needs
    • Factors contributing to undernutrition include:
      • Poverty
      • Civil unrest
      • Wars
      • Lack of access to nutritious food
      • Unfavorable weather conditions
      • Crop failures
      • Lack of clean cooking and drinking water
    • An estimated 485,000 people die each year from diarrheal diseases due to consuming unclean water

    Undernutrition During Periods of Growth

    • Undernutrition during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood can have devastating long-term effects
    • In 2018, an estimated 149 million children under 5 years old were stunted, and 49 million were severely underweight (wasted)
    • Undernutrition contributes to 45% of deaths of children under 5 years old
    • Maternal undernutrition can result in:
      • Difficult labor
      • Excessive bleeding after delivery
      • Premature births
      • Low-birth-weight newborns
      • Increased risk of mortality in newborns

    Undernutrition in the United States

    • Undernutrition also occurs in developed countries like the United States
    • People with low incomes have a higher risk of malnutrition
    • Food insecurity affects 10.5% of households in the United States
    • Federal food assistance programs, such as SNAP, WIC, and Child Nutrition Programs, can help protect American children from hunger and undernutrition

    Federal Food Assistance Programs in the United States

    • Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): provides electronic benefits for food purchases to low-income individuals and families
    • Commodity Distribution Program: distributes surplus foods to certain low-income groups, including pregnant women, preschool-age children, and the elderly
    • Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program: provides checks or vouchers for nutritious foods, nutrition education, and support for breastfeeding mothers
    • Child Nutrition Programs: provides subsidies for schools and child-care facilities to provide free or reduced-price meals and snacks

    Biotechnology in Food Production

    • Biotechnology involves the use of living things to manufacture new products
    • Bioengineered crops have beneficial characteristics, such as disease resistance, improved flavor, and enhanced nutrition
    • Bioengineered animals, like AquAdvantage Salmon, can grow faster and more efficiently
    • The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Law requires a national standard for identifying bioengineered foods

    Sustainable Agriculture

    • Sustainable agriculture involves farming methods that meet food demands without depleting natural resources or harming the environment
    • Conventional farming methods contribute to:
      • Water pollution
      • Soil erosion
      • Greenhouse gas emissions
      • Deforestation
    • Solutions include:
      • Improving crop yields on existing farms
      • Using nonchemical pest management methods
      • Eating less meat
      • Reducing food waste
      • Using natural resources and pesticides more efficiently

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    Description

    This quiz explores the issue of undernutrition, its causes, and effects on individuals and the global population. Factors contributing to undernutrition, its prevalence, and consequences are discussed.

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