Causes of Cancer and Genetic Predisposition Quiz

A tumor marker is a usually normal protein or hormone that is increased in neoplasms but can also be elevated in non-neoplastic conditions.

Tumor markers can be used for screening, monitoring treatment efficacy, and detecting recurrence.

Cancer cells can make proteins that tell the immune system to let them alone and even help them grow.

<p>The viruses add new DNA to the nucleus of host cells, resulting in mutations of genes that can lead to cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some families are more susceptible to getting certain cancers due to hereditary predisposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumor, Node, Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grading is based on cell differentiation and rate of growth, while staging is based on the progression or spread of cancer in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionizing radiation, chemicals like Benzene and Arsenic, and virus infections like papilloma virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T1, T2, T3, T4 for primary tumor size; N0, N1, N2, N3 for regional lymph node involvement; M0 and M1 for absence or presence of metastasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of metastasis is crucial as it can determine whether the cancer is localized (Stage I) or advanced (Stage IV) with spread to other organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumor markers are substances produced by cancer cells or normal cells in response to cancer. They can be used for diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carcinoma in situ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rate of growth</p> Signup and view all the answers