Cariology Lectures 1-5
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of filler particles in resin composites?

  • To enhance the aesthetic appearance
  • To initiate the curing process
  • To provide reinforcement and reduce polymerization shrinkage (correct)
  • To serve as coupling agents

Optical modifiers in resin composites are primarily used to improve the mechanical strength of the material.

False (B)

What are the two main types of materials used in the matrix of resin composites?

BIS-GMA and UDMA

The process of improving the curing time of resin composites can involve using initiators such as _____ and accelerators like _____ .

<p>Benzoyl Peroxide, Organic Amine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of resin composites with their functions:

<p>Matrix (Organic) = Glue for cohesion Filler Particles (Inorganic) = Reinforcement and reduction of shrinkage Coupling Agents (Silanes) = Connection between matrix and filler Optical Modifiers (Inorganic) = Shade matching and aesthetic adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength range for Valolight Light Cure?

<p>395-415 nm and 440-480 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen in the air reduces polymerization efficiency by oxidizing superficial acryloyl groups.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps of polymerization?

<p>Initiation, Propagation, Chain Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The conversion rate during polymerization ranges from ___ to ___ percent.

<p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the polymerization inhibitors with their uses:

<p>Eugenol = Temporary fillings/cements Peroxide = Bleaching Oxygen = Inhibiting polymerization Camphorquinone = Photoinitiator activating at 468 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of polymerization is described as having three structural types?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Class II cavities include all pit and fissure preps.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As monomers get closer together during polymerization, ___ occurs.

<p>shrinkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of tooth preparation involves the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth including the incisal edge?

<p>Class IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abfraction is a defect caused by chemical action.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of tooth preparation?

<p>To preserve healthy tooth structure and remove diseased structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle at which the eyes are inclined downwards toward work is called the ______.

<p>declination angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classes of tooth preparation with their definitions:

<p>Class III = Proximal surfaces of anterior teeth not including incisal edge Class V = Gingival third of facial/lingual surfaces Class IV = Proximal surfaces of anterior teeth including incisal edge Class VI = Incisal and/or occlusal cusp tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of primary retention form in tooth preparation?

<p>To prevent dislodgement of a crown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The unaided eye can resolve distances as small as 100 um.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of lenses are used in prismatic/Kepler loupes?

<p>Multiple convex lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The steps for tooth preparation include initial depth, primary resistance form, primary ______ form, and convenience form.

<p>retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a microscope in dental procedures?

<p>Less eye convergence strain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of a white spot in early dental lesions?

<p>Acid traveling to dentin tubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smear layer obstructs dentin tubules by approximately 50%.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the etchant in the dental adhesion process?

<p>The etchant creates more surface area and decalcifies enamel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is created when a handpiece is used on dentin, producing a layer that obstructs tubules.

<p>smear layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dental materials with their functions:

<p>Xylitol = Sorbitol alternative used for dental health HEMA = Bifunctional monomer for adhesion Phosphoric Acid = Used for etching enamel Photoinitiators = Initiate curing process in adhesives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describe the role of fillers in adhesive bonding?

<p>They increase the mechanical strength of the adhesive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Micromechanical adhesion is weaker than chemical adhesion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ mechanism of adhesion involves penetrating resin monomers, whereas the __________ mechanism relies on chemical bonding.

<p>micromechanical; chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary setting mechanism of Calcium Sulfate (gypsum)?

<p>Hygroscopic setting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enamel is composed of 50% inorganic material.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ameloblasts secrete to form enamel rods?

<p>Hydroxyapatite crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three stages of tooth development are the Bud, __________, and Bell.

<p>Cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cement types with their characteristics:

<p>Glass Ionomer Cements = Seal tubules and pulp Resin Modified Glass Ionomer = Dual-cured, resin-modified Calcium Sulfate = Hygroscopic setting Light-cured Resin = For temping inlays/onlays</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of Glass Ionomer Cements?

<p>Fast setting without water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluoride released from Glass Ionomer Cements remains effective indefinitely.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components are primarily present in enamel?

<p>Inorganic materials, organic materials, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

During tooth development, the __________ stage involves the enlargement of the bud into a cap shape.

<p>Cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth of cure for Fuji 2LC resin?

<p>1.8 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outer enamel layer is known for having pronounced enamel rods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mixing time for Fuji 2LC resin?

<p>10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enamel rods are arranged __________ to the Dentin-Enamel Junction (DEJ).

<p>perpendicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the main function of a cavity liner made of glass ionomer?

<p>Seals tubules and pulp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures extend from the DEJ and provide cushioning due to their hypomineralized and protein-rich nature?

<p>Enamel Tufts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called that results from genetic defects affecting enamel formation?

<p>Amelogenesis Imperfecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ provides a barrier to protect exposed pulp by forming reparative dentin.

<p>Dentin Bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of dentin with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>Primary = Initial dentin formed after eruption Secondary = Dentin formed throughout the life of the tooth Tertiary = Dentin formed in response to injury or exposure Sclerotic = Dentin formed due to hypermineralization of tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by hypomineralized lesions caused by excessive fluoride?

<p>Dental Fluorosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enamel has a higher modulus of elasticity than dentin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the process that forms dentin in response to pulp exposure?

<p>Reparative Dentin Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structural appearance of the DEJ is described as having a _____ appearance.

<p>scallop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dentin is characterized by a reaction to stimuli like caries or abrasion?

<p>Tertiary Dentin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Resin Composite Composition

Resin composites are made of a matrix (organic) and filler particles (inorganic), with silanes acting as coupling agents. They also have optical modifiers for color and initiators/accelerators for curing.

Resin Composite Matrix

The organic component of a resin composite, typically a polymer like BIS-GMA, UDMA, or TEGDMA. It's the glue that holds the filler in place.

Filler Particles (Resin Composite)

Inorganic particles (like quartz, silicates) embedded in the matrix. They strengthen and change the composite's properties.

Coupling Agents (Silanes)

Silane molecules that bond both the matrix and filler particles. This allows a strong connection between the two.

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Optical Modifiers (Resin Composite)

Inorganic pigments creating the shade and translucence of the composite. They change how light interacts with the material.

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Organic Amine

A type of organic compound containing a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atoms. Can be involved in polymerization processes.

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Polymerization

The chemical process of joining small molecules (monomers) together to form a large molecule (polymer).

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Polymerization Inhibitors

Substances that prevent or slow down the polymerization process; they prevent the monomers from forming larger polymers.

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Polymerization Shrinkage

A reduction in volume of a material during polymerization; can lead to problems in dental restorations.

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Class I Cavity

Cavities located in pits and fissures of the occlusal, buccal, or lingual surfaces of posterior teeth.

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C-Factor

Ratio of bonded versus unbonded surfaces in a restoration; contributes to shrinkage stress in restorations.

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Polymerization Initiation

The beginning stage of polymerization, where an initiator breaks a bond, forming free radicals that start the chain reaction.

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Polymerization Types

Polymerization can occur in linear, branched, or crosslinked forms; determining polymer properties.

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Class III Restoration

Restoration of proximal surfaces of posterior teeth, excluding incisal edges of anterior teeth

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Class IV Restoration

Restoration of proximal surfaces of anterior teeth, including incisal edges

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Class V Restoration

Restoration of the gingival third of facial or lingual surfaces

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Abfraction

Cervical/wedge-shaped defects from grinding forces on the teeth.

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Primary Resistance Form

Maintaining 90 degrees to the tooth's axis to improve a restoration's stability

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Primary Retention Form

Prevents a crown from moving vertically in the way it's placed

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Convenience Form

Features making a procedure easier and more accessible

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Magnification Loupe

Optical devices used to enhance visual clarity during dental procedures.

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Resolution (in optics)

Smallest distance between two points that can be perceived separately

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Declination Angle

The downward angle of the eyes relative to the work

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Smear Layer

A thin, amorphous layer of debris and oils created by a dental handpiece on dentin. It obstructs dentin tubules and prevents proper bonding.

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Etching (35% Phosphoric Acid)

The process of using phosphoric acid to create microscopic pores in enamel, increasing surface area for bonding. It also removes the smear layer.

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Primer

A fluid that diffuses etchant across the tooth, creating a hydrophilic layer that facilitates bonding to the resin.

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Bifunctional Monomers (BFM)

Monomers in primer that have both a hydrophilic (water-loving) end and a hydrophobic (water-hating) end, allowing them to bond to both enamel/dentin and resin composite.

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Micromechanical Adhesion

The strongest type of adhesion, achieved through the penetration and polymerization of resin monomers into etched enamel and dentin.

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Chemical Adhesion

A weaker type of adhesion involving the formation of chemical bonds between the resin and the tooth surface.

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White Spot Lesion

An early stage of tooth decay where the enamel demineralizes and becomes white due to changes in light scattering.

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Cavitation

The final stage of tooth decay where significant enamel and dentin breakdown occurs, resulting in a cavity.

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Hardest enamel layer

The outermost layer of enamel, characterized by a high degree of mineralization and resistance to wear.

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Enamel Tufts

Brush-like structures extending from the DEJ into the enamel, made of hypomineralized and protein-rich material.

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Enamel Lamellae

Fissure-like projections further from the DEJ, containing proteins, proteoglycans, and lipids.

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Dental Fluorosis

A condition where excess fluoride intake during tooth development leads to enamel hypomineralization and increased porosity.

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta

A genetic disorder that disrupts enamel formation, resulting in defects in secretion, maturation, or amount of enamel.

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DEJ (Dentinoenamel Junction)

The interface between enamel and dentin, characterized by a scalloped appearance.

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Dentin Composition

Dentin is composed of about 50% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite), 30% organic material (mainly collagen), and 20% water.

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Dentinal Tubules

Microscopic channels that extend from the DEJ to the pulp, containing fluids and odontoblast processes.

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Peritubular Dentin

A highly calcified layer surrounding the dentinal tubules.

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Intertubular Dentin

The space between dentinal tubules, rich in collagen and proteins.

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What is CAVIT made of?

CAVIT is made of calcium sulfate (gypsum).

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How does CAVIT set?

CAVIT undergoes hygroscopic setting, meaning it hardens in the presence of water.

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What is a light-cured resin?

A light-cured resin is a material that hardens when exposed to a specific wavelength of light.

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What is Telio Onlay 20s LC used for?

Telio Onlay 20s LC is a light-cured resin used for temporary restorations like inlays, onlays, and implant screw healing.

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What is a glass ionomer cement?

A glass ionomer cement is a dental material that chemically bonds to tooth structure.

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What are the applications of glass ionomer cements?

Glass ionomers are used as cavity liners, base/restorative foundations, and build-ups for endo-treated teeth.

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How does a glass ionomer cement set?

It's an acid-base reaction between calcium-aluminosilicate glass and polyacrylic acid.

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What is the advantage of glass ionomer over composite?

Glass ionomer chemically bonds to tooth structure, unlike composites, which adhere.

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What is a resin-modified glass ionomer cement?

A resin-modified glass ionomer combines the benefits of glass ionomer with the strength of composite.

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How does Fuji 2LC differ from Fuji Triage?

Fuji 2LC is dual-cured, while Fuji Triage is only light-cured.

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What is the purpose of cleaners in glass ionomer application?

Cleaners prepare the tooth surface by removing debris and etching the enamel.

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What are the 3 stages of tooth development?

The stages of tooth development are the bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage.

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What happens during the bud stage of tooth development?

The bud stage involves the formation of tiny tooth buds from the dental lamina.

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What happens during the cap stage of tooth development?

The bud enlarges into a cap shape, forming the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle.

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What happens during the bell stage of tooth development?

The crown of the tooth develops and hard tissues form during the bell stage.

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Study Notes

Cariology Lectures 1-5

  • Lecture 1: Introduction to Cariology, PPE:
    • PPE protocol, including donning (gown, mask, goggles/loupes, face shield, gloves) and doffing (gloves, face shield, goggles/loupes, mask, gown) procedures.

Burs and Handpieces

  • Lecture 2: Burs and Handpieces:
    • Bur anatomy (head, neck, shank).
    • Handpiece materials (carbide, diamond, steel, ceramic).
    • Grit size (diamond grit, v-microns, carbide grit, and # of blades).
    • Handpiece primer for various bur widths (1.6 mm-1.5, 2.35mm -1:1).
    • Speed range and corresponding torque (0.7-3.5 Ncm) for respective FG and RA.

Rubber Dam

  • Lecture 3: Rubber Dam:
    • Explains that rubber dam use is frequently performed in practice.. approximately 50 billion times.

Tooth Nomenclature

  • Lecture 4: Tooth Nomenclature:
    • Maxillary and mandibular tooth nomenclature, including primary/deciduous (20) and permanent (32) dentition.
    • Tooth numbering systems (Universal, FDI, etc).
    • Succedaneous teeth (permanent teeth that replace deciduous ones).

Natural Tooth Curvatures

  • Natural Tooth Curvatures:
    • Curve of Spee (anteroposterior curve).
    • Curve of Wilson (mesiolateral curve).
    • Explains these curves as natural aspects of the development of teeth in a mandible/maxilla.

Tooth Numbering Systems

  • Tooth Numbering Systems:
    • Universal and FDI numbering systems.
    • Explains importance of various numbering systems.

Resin Composites

  • Resin Composites:
    • Composition of resin composites (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA).
    • Filler particles (inorganic reinforcement, ie quartz, lithium aluminum silicate, zirconia, glasses such as barium, strontium).

Other Materials/Processes

  • Other Materials/Processes:
    • Additional material/process descriptions (reduces polymerization shrinkage, water absorption, and coefficient of thermal expansion, size decrease + percentage of FP in composite over the years increase, coupling agents, optical modifiers.)

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Cariology 1 - Lectures 1-5 PDF

Description

This quiz covers the key concepts from the first five lectures in Cariology. It includes essential topics such as PPE protocols, bur and handpiece knowledge, rubber dam usage, and tooth nomenclature. Test your understanding of these foundational elements in dentistry.

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