32 Questions
What type of materials are used to stain plaque and are called disclosing agents?
Liquids, tables, and capsules containing erythrosin or vegetable dyes
What is the mechanism of action of chlorhexidine?
It is attracted to bacterial cell walls which are negatively charged
What type of agents are used for desensitizing?
Desensitizing agents
What is the broad spectrum of activity of chlorhexidine against?
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungicidal
What is the type of filaments used in toothbrushes?
Multi-tufted nylon filaments
What is considered the gold standard for plaque control?
Chlorhexidine
What is the recommended daily dose of fluoride tablets for children under the age of 3?
0.25 mg F daily
What is the primary indication for using mouthrinses in children?
Caries-prone children over the age of 6 years
What is the fluoride concentration range in toothpastes?
525 to 1450 ppm F
What is the contraindication for using mouthrinses in children?
Children under 6 years of age
What are the types of fluoride preparations used for topical application?
Sodium fluoride varnish and acidulated phosphate fluoride
What is the purpose of fluoride tablets being taken and allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth?
To provide topical fluoride
What is the role of dental plaque in the development of dental caries?
It attracts bacteria to the tooth surface, leading to acid production
What is the primary outcome of the demineralization process in dental caries?
Loss of minerals from the tooth surface
What is the term for the science of studying dental caries as an infectious disease?
Cariology
What is the primary component of the pellicle that forms on a clean enamel surface?
Glycoprotein
What is the role of fluoride in the prevention of dental caries?
It increases the buffering capacity of saliva
What is the result of the equilibrium between the tooth substance and the dental plaque fluid being disturbed?
Loss of minerals from the tooth surface
What is the term for the dynamic process that results in the loss of minerals from the tooth surface?
Demineralization
What is the role of saliva in the prevention of dental caries?
It buffers the acid produced by bacteria
What is the effect of the described substance on the adhesion of bacteria to enamel?
Renders the enamel less susceptible for adhesion of bacteria
What is the effect of the described substance on the clearance of glucose in saliva?
Accelerates the clearance of glucose in saliva
What is the effect of the described substance on S.mutans bacteria?
It is toxic to S.mutans bacteria
What is the effect of the described substance on the transportation of sucrose into bacterial cells?
Minimizes the transportation of sucrose into bacterial cells
What is the effect of the described substance on Enolase Enzyme?
Inhibits Enolase Enzyme
What is the effect of the described substance on the polymerization of glucose to form extracellular polysaccharides?
Inhibits the polymerization of glucose to form extracellular polysaccharides
What is the primary mechanism by which fluoride prevents dental caries?
Inhibiting tooth demineralization
What is the purpose of fluoride supplementation in dental practice?
To prevent dental caries
What is the most effective method of plaque control?
Mechanical removal of plaque
What is the term for the abnormal tooth discoloration caused by excessive fluoride ingestion?
Dental fluorosis
What is the purpose of enameloplasty in preventive dentistry?
To manage suspected occlusal lesions
What is the purpose of preventive resin restorations (PRR) in preventive dentistry?
To manage suspected occlusal lesions
Study Notes
Etiology of Dental Caries
- Dental plaque and its bacteria play a role in the development of dental caries
- Dietary carbohydrates contribute to the formation of acid, which leads to tooth demineralization
- Host factors, such as the susceptibility of the tooth surface and the environment of the tooth (saliva and fluoride), influence the progression of dental caries
- Time is also a factor in the development of dental caries
Cariology
- Cariology is the science of studying dental caries as an infectious disease
- Advanced diagnostic aids and bonded restorative materials and techniques have made it easier to understand and deal with the caries process
Dental Caries
- Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease that leads to the demineralization and destruction of hard tooth tissue
- It is a dynamic process involving the equilibrium between the tooth substance and the dental plaque fluid
- Understanding the disease process involves understanding demineralization and remineralization
Demineralization and Remineralization
- Demineralization occurs when acidic plaque fluid leads to the loss of minerals from the tooth surface
- Remineralization occurs at neutral pH with the buffering capacity of saliva and plaque, making calcium and phosphate ions available at the tooth surface
Dental Plaque
- Dental plaque is an adherent deposit of bacteria and their products on the tooth surface
- The pellicle is an amorphous organic film that covers the tooth surface and attracts bacteria
- The pellicle can alter the surface energy of enamel, making it less susceptible to bacterial adhesion
Fluoride and Caries Prevention
- Fluoride supplementation can prevent dental caries
- Fluoride inhibits enolase enzyme, essential for glycolysis, and glycosyl transferase, preventing glucose polymerization and bacterial adhesion
- Fluoride can be administered through drinking water, tablets, salt, and topical applications
- Fluoride toothpaste, mouthrinses, and varnishes are used for caries prevention and control
- Chlorhexidine is a chemical agent used for plaque control, with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts
Learn about the etiology of dental caries, including the role of dental plaque, dietary carbohydrates, host factors, and measuring caries activity. Understand the clinical diagnosis and management of caries.
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