Career Clusters and Professional Associations

Career Clusters and Pathways

• Career clusters group occupations in the same field needing similar skills, knowledge, and competencies.
• Career paths show how one can progress through different jobs within a career cluster.
• Credentials/certifications demonstrate professional competence.
• Human services cluster helps individuals, families, and communities with arising issues.
• Counseling and mental health workers assist with personal, family, and mental health issues.
• Family and community services support disabled, elderly, and underserved groups with housing, employment, and social services.
• Early childhood services involve occupations related to children's education.
• Consumer services involve occupations helping with finances, real estate, and insurance.

Professional Associations and Leadership

• Professional associations provide human service workers with opportunities for learning and networking.
• Anna Y. Reed led prison reform efforts.
• Eli Weaver organized teacher guidance committees.
• Ellen Richards founded home economics and linked science to nutrition, particularly for women.
• Doris Calloway studied nutrition, especially for different socioeconomic groups.
• James Lind wrote about treating scurvy with citrus fruits.
• James Cattell developed intelligence tests.
• Carl Pfeiffer believed trace minerals affect mental stability.

Diversity, Inclusion, and Discrimination

• Diversity is a variety of differences among people, promoting inclusiveness.
• Language diversity benefits from interpreters.
• Cultural competence helps effectively interact with people of different cultures.
• Discrimination can occur based on age, gender, or ethnicity.
• Ethnocentrism is judging others' cultures inferior to one's own.
• Stereotyping presumes certain traits based on group affiliation.
• Assimilation comprises adopting another culture's customs.
• Empathy entails understanding and being sensitive towards others' feelings.
• Cultural humility involves recognizing and actively addressing biases in order to understand the struggles of others.
• Generativity involves passing cultural values onto the next generation.
• Cultural competence is exhibiting understanding for others' cultural heritage and preferences

Health and Well-being

• Chronic illnesses include cancer, COPD, and diabetes.
• Early childhood services assist parents in finding suitable childcare.
• Non-profit organizations prioritize helping others.
• Natural disasters can cause significant stress and loss.
• Corporations are managed by boards of directors.
• Executive directors are senior managers in an organization.
• CFOs manage financial risks and provide financial planning.
• Intra-personal skills involve knowing, understanding, and managing one's own emotions.
• Self-reflection involves identifying beliefs, clarifying values, and understanding one's personality traits.
• Self-actualization is the highest level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
• Prioritizing means to order tasks, goals, or issues by importance.
• The current reality is the sum of all internal and external factors.
• Resources are the things needed for achieving goals.
• Eisenhower Method prioritizes tasks by urgency and importance.
• Understanding effective communication components is key when improving communication, these include non verbal communication and communication barriers.

Conflict Resolution and Teamwork

• Conflict involves opposing views or people.
• Mediation involves an unbiased third party to help resolve differences between people.
• Negotiation involves compromise.
• Conflict resolution techniques, like competing, collaborating, compromising, or avoiding, resolve conflicts.
• Effective teamwork involves a clear purpose, structured process, supportive members, and clear roles.
• Team roles include the linker, promoter, assessor, organizer, advisor,
• Conflict and resolving conflicts include causes of conflict, negative outcomes, and diffusing a situation via solutions.

Consumer Responsibility and Decision Making

• Informed consumer decisions involve researching prices and alternatives.
• Accounts like savings accounts need to satisfy requirements of withdrawing funds.
• Financial instruments like credit cards and debit cards facilitate different payment transactions.
• Income is the total amount received before tax deductions.
• Needs vs Wants are useful to ensure wise and economical decisions.
• Wise decisions are based on research, facts, and considerations.
• Family dynamics and roles are influenced by many factors, including child-rearing styles, which can affect development.
• Elder neglect and exploitation involve misuse of older adults' resources.
• Material exploitation is misuse of older adults' property or possessions.
• There are different types of abuse which need to be considered.
• Protective factors for children are important, including strong social connections and parenting classes.

Food, Nutrition, and Health

• Food groups include grains, proteins, dairy, and fruits/vegetables.
• Refined vs. whole foods are differentiated.
• Portion sizes are important to monitor intake and consumption.
• Daily nutritional requirements vary by age and gender.
• Food preparation techniques can maintain food quality.
• Healthy cooking skills can increase community well-being.
• Food safety practices are crucial to prevent foodborne illnesses.

Developmental Milestones and Stages

• Developmental milestones in infancy include crawling, holding up the head, and vocal development.
• Adolescents experience physical changes (voice changes, body hair growth).
• Middle childhood entails learning, socializing, and making friends.
• Early adulthood involves handling job/personal responsibilities.
• Elderly stages necessitate coping with physical and emotional changes.
• Family stages, including childbearing, launching, and multi-generational living, have different needs.
• Resilience is the ability to adapt and overcome difficulties, and is important for coping with challenges in various family stages.