Cardiovascular Valve Disorders Quiz

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What is the reason for the presence of a prominent 'a' wave in jugular venous pulsations in right heart failure?

Decreased pulmonary pressure

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Elevated systemic pressure

Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (correct)

In severe Mitral Stenosis (MS), what physical exam finding may be observed on the cheeks of the patient?

Greenish discoloration

Yellow tint

Pinkish-purple patches (correct)

Blue spots

Which heart sound is described as a loud opening S1 snap in Mitral Stenosis?

Occurs during diastole at the base of the heart

Heard during systole at the base of the heart

Associated with atrial fibrillation

Heard at the apex when leaflets are still mobile (correct)

What does a shorter S2 to opening snap interval indicate in Mitral Stenosis?

More severe disease Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic modality is considered the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing Mitral Stenosis?

Echocardiography (ECHO) Signup and view all the answers

What might an ECG show in a patient with Mitral Stenosis?

Atrial fibrillation and left atrial enlargement Signup and view all the answers

Which valve disease is the least common in adults?

Pulmonary valve stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is often associated with pulmonary valve stenosis?

Noonan syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Why are diseases of the aortic and mitral valves termed left heart diseases?

Due to higher pressures experienced by the left heart Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome for individuals with mild pulmonary valve stenosis?

Excellent outcomes without intervention Signup and view all the answers

In which valve is insufficiency common in healthy individuals to a very mild extent?

Pulmonary valve Signup and view all the answers

What makes diseases of the aortic and mitral valves more prevalent than those of the pulmonary or tricuspid valves?

Higher pressures experienced by the left heart Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may result in tricuspid valve stenosis without concurrent regurgitation?

Carcinoid syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of minor tricuspid insufficiency in healthy individuals?

Dilation of the right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of severe tricuspid insufficiency?

Eisenmenger syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to aortic stenosis?

Eisenmenger syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What can cause tricuspid insufficiency as a result of displacement of papillary muscles?

Ventricular septal defects Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of tricuspid valve insufficiency related to surgical manipulations?

Aortic balloon pump insertion Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute aortic regurgitation?

Infective endocarditis Signup and view all the answers

Which physical exam finding is considered the most sensitive for diagnosing aortic regurgitation?

Hyperdynamic and displaced apical impulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the compensatory mechanism in aortic regurgitation that eventually leads to heart failure?

Left ventricular dilation Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging modality is considered the cornerstone for decision making and follow-up evaluation in aortic regurgitation?

Echocardiography Signup and view all the answers

What is the management recommendation for patients with aortic regurgitation who are asymptomatic or normotensive?

Observation with serial echocardiograms Signup and view all the answers

Which murmur in aortic regurgitation is caused by the regurgitant jet impinging on the anterior mitral valve leaflet?

Austin flint murmur at the apex Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common underlying cause of chronic mitral regurgitation?

Myxomatous degeneration Signup and view all the answers

Which compensatory mechanism occurs in response to pure volume overload in chronic mitral regurgitation?

Left atrial enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What physical exam finding is typically associated with chronic mitral regurgitation?

S3 gallop rhythm Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging study is most useful for estimating left atrial size and function in mitral regurgitation?