Basis of CV system
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Questions and Answers

Which valve is located between the left ventricle and ascending aorta?

  • Mitral valve
  • Aortic valve (correct)
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Tricuspid valve

    • What circulation has the higher pressure and a longer system?

  • Systematic circulation (correct)
  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Both circulations have the same pressure and system length
  • None of the above

    • Which side of the heart is associated with the pulmonary circulation?

  • Left side
  • Right side (correct)
  • Both sides
  • Neither side

    • Which circulation of the heart has normal pressure?

    <p>Pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer covers the heart and is contained within the fibrous pericardium sac?

    <p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the heart located within the body?

    <p>Inferior to thoracic plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for the visceral layer of serous pericardium?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping blood?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is in direct contact with the blood and consists of endothelium?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valves are located between each atrium and ventricle?

    <p>Atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures in the ventricle help to keep the valves closed and prevent blood reflux?

    <p>Both a) and b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

    <p>Tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cusps does the mitral (bicuspid) valve have?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valves have no papillary muscles or chordae tendinae?

    <p>SL valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Pulmonary valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aortic arch divides into which two arteries?

    <p>Common carotid arteries and subclavian arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the carotid arteries?

    <p>Supply the head and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the aorta is separated by the diaphragm?

    <p>Abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major GI tract branches originate from the descending aorta?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major GI tract branches originate from the descending aorta? Name them

    <p>Coeliac trunk Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate into common iliac arteries?

    <p>L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arteries are coronary arteries?

    <p>End arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a sudden blockage in coronary circulation?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cardiac muscle ischemia in coronary circulation?

    <p>Atherosclerosis and plaque formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a coronary artery becomes blocked?

    <p>It leads to necrosis of the cardiac muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a blocked vessel in coronary circulation?

    <p>Infarcted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the neural control of the heart is true?

    <p>The heart beats autonomously without any neural input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intrinsic heart rate determined by?

    <p>Sinoatrial node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At rest, what effect does parasympathetic input have on heart rate?

    <p>It decreases heart rate to 60-70 bpm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for the preganglionic sympathetic input to the heart?

    <p>T1 - T4/5 lateral horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the postganglionic sympathetic input to the heart originate?

    <p>Superior cervical ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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