Basis of CV system

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Which valve is located between the left ventricle and ascending aorta?

Mitral valve

Aortic valve (correct)

Pulmonary valve

Tricuspid valve

What circulation has the higher pressure and a longer system?

Systematic circulation (correct)

Pulmonary circulation

Both circulations have the same pressure and system length

None of the above

Which side of the heart is associated with the pulmonary circulation?

Left side

Right side (correct)

Both sides

Neither side

Which circulation of the heart has normal pressure?

Pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which layer covers the heart and is contained within the fibrous pericardium sac?

Visceral pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart located within the body?

Inferior to thoracic plane Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for the visceral layer of serous pericardium?

Epicardium Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping blood?

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is in direct contact with the blood and consists of endothelium?

Endocardium Signup and view all the answers

Which valves are located between each atrium and ventricle?

Atrioventricular valves Signup and view all the answers

What structures in the ventricle help to keep the valves closed and prevent blood reflux?

Both a) and b) Signup and view all the answers

How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

How many cusps does the mitral (bicuspid) valve have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which valves have no papillary muscles or chordae tendinae?

SL valves Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

Pulmonary valve Signup and view all the answers

The aortic arch divides into which two arteries?

Common carotid arteries and subclavian arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the carotid arteries?

Supply the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the aorta is separated by the diaphragm?

Abdominal aorta Signup and view all the answers

How many major GI tract branches originate from the descending aorta?

3 Signup and view all the answers

How many major GI tract branches originate from the descending aorta? Name them

Coeliac trunk Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric Signup and view all the answers

At which vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate into common iliac arteries?

L4 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arteries are coronary arteries?

End arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a sudden blockage in coronary circulation?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cardiac muscle ischemia in coronary circulation?

Atherosclerosis and plaque formation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a coronary artery becomes blocked?

It leads to necrosis of the cardiac muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a blocked vessel in coronary circulation?

Infarcted Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the neural control of the heart is true?

The heart beats autonomously without any neural input. Signup and view all the answers

What is the intrinsic heart rate determined by?

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

At rest, what effect does parasympathetic input have on heart rate?

It decreases heart rate to 60-70 bpm. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for the preganglionic sympathetic input to the heart?

T1 - T4/5 lateral horns Signup and view all the answers

Where does the postganglionic sympathetic input to the heart originate?

Superior cervical ganglia Signup and view all the answers